Lecture 12 ENT Allergy

Question 1

Risk factors for ENT allergy

Answer 1

Hereditary, Race and Age
Environment
Occupational

Question 2

Allergy in the skin is defined as

Answer 2

Urticaria / angioedema

Question 3

Allergy in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

Rhinitis

Question 4

Allergy in the lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

Asthma

Question 5

Systemic allergy

Answer 5

Anaphylaxis

Question 6

Risk factors for allergic rhinitis

Answer 6

Family history
Environmental pollution
Infectious diseases during childhood
Dietary changes

Question 7

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 7

Sneezing, itch, nasal blockage, rhinorrhoea

Question 8

What is the pathophysiology of an allergy

Answer 8

Type 1/Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction
Sensitisation- IgE production + mast cells
Re-exposure (acute)- degranulation of mast cells

Question 9

How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed

Answer 9

Skin test- positive (histamine)
Negative (saline)
Hyperaemia is graded depending on size
RAST- presence and levels of IgE
Blood test- level of IgE or specific allergen

Question 10

What other tests can be used to diagnose allergic rhinitis

Answer 10

• Total Serum IgE (0-100 normal levels)
• Nasal Allergen Challenge
• Nasal Cytology

Question 11

Treatment for allergic rhinitis

Answer 11

Allergen avoidance
Education
Pharmacotherapy (topical/systemic steroids, antihistamine, allergen immunotherapy)