Lecture 3-Embryology

Question 1

What does the kidney develop from?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What is the first kidney system to form?

Answer 2

Pronephros

Question 3

True or false: the pronephros does not function in humans

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What drives the development of the second kidney system?

Answer 4

Pronephric duct from the cervical region to the cloaca

Question 5

What is the second kidney system?

Answer 5

Mesonephros

Question 6

What forms the embryonic kidney?

Answer 6

Mesonephric duct + tubules

Question 7

True or false: the embryonic kidney can conserve water

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

What does the mesonephric duct go on to form in males?

Answer 8

Vas deferens and epididymis

Question 9

What drives the development of the definitive kidney?

Answer 9

Mesonephric duct sprouting the ureteric bud

Question 10

What is the ureteric bud?

Answer 10

Undifferentiated intermediate mesoderm

Question 11

Complete the sentence: the metanephric ________ is a primitive clump of cells which forms the metanephros

Answer 11

Blastema

Question 12

What is the collecting system of the kidney derived from?

Answer 12

Ureteric bud

Question 13

What is the excretory system of the kidney derived from?

Answer 13

Intermediate mesoderm under the influence of the ureteric bud

Question 14

Where does the metanephric kidney first appear?

Answer 14

Pelvic region

Question 15

True or false: the kidney keeps its blood supply as it ascends

Answer 15

FALSE - gets new blood supply except for accessory renal arteries which are end arteries and don’t disappear

Question 16

What can go wrong with the development of the kidney?

Answer 16

• ureteric bud fails to interact with intermediate mesoderm -> renal agenesis
• migration goes wrong: pelvic kidney where kidney doesn’t ascend or horseshoe kidney where inferior poles of kidney fuse when ascending
• splitting of ureteric bud

Question 17

What is the urogenital sinus created from?

Answer 17

Cloacal part of hindgut by urorectal septum

Question 18

What does the superior part of the urogenital sinus connect to?

Answer 18

Umbilicus

Question 19

What does the inferior part of the urogenital sinus develop into?

Answer 19

Urethra

Question 20

What are the four parts of the urethra in male?

Answer 20

• pre-prostatic
• prostatic
• membranous
• spongy (along shaft of penis)

Question 21

How does the spongy urethra form?

Answer 21

Genital tubercle elongates and genital folds fuse to form the spongy urethra

Question 22

What is hypospadias?

Answer 22

Defect in the fusion of the urethral folds so the urethra opens onto the ventral surface rather than at the end of the penis