Lecture 18-Obstruction Flashcards
What are the causes of haematuria?
- cancer
- stones
- infection
- inflammation
- BPH
What is the management for haematuria?
- admit if significant visible haematuria
- ABCDE + stabilise
- catheter
- CT angiogram
What is acute urinary retention?
- painful
- impaired GFR
- bladder may be permanently damaged if untreated
What is chronic urinary retention?
- not painful
- bladder not completely emptied therefore urine seen on scan
What is high pressure chronic urinary retention?
Dangerous and can lead to hydronephrosis and renal function impairment
What is the best care plan for a patient with high pressure chronic urinary retention?
Catheterised and it should be left in until definitive management
When is catheterisation done?
- painful acute retention
- acute on chronic urinary retention
- high pressure chronic retention
- to monitor fluid balance, sepsis and trauma
What is the mechanism of urinary retention?
Bladder outlet obstruction, low bladder contractile power, interrupted innervation to bladder
What are the acute causes of urinary retention in men?
BPH, urethral strictures, prostatic infection
What are the acute causes of urinary infection in women?
Prolapses, masses, post botox for SUI
What are common causes of urinary retention in both sexes?
Clots, drugs, pain, surgery
What is the diameter of a standard catheter?
16 Fr catheter = 4mm
What is the risk associated with suprapubic catheterisation?
Bowel perforation
What are the risk factors of renal calculi?
Middle age, men, caucasian/indian, sedentary, summer (vit D) months, genes, diet
What is the composition of calculi in familial renal tubular acidosis?
Calcium phosphate
