Lecture 20-Urological Cancers

Question 1

True or false: if haematuria is painful, the cause is more likely to be cancer

Answer 1

FALSE - more likely to be stone, inflammation or infection

Question 2

Where is renal cell carcinoma (RCC)?

Answer 2

In kidney parenchyma

Question 3

Describe the presentation of localised RCC

Answer 3

• haematuria

- palpable mass (rare)

Question 4

Describe the presentation of advanced RCC

Answer 4

• large varicocoele
• PE
• weight loss
• hypercalcaemia

Question 5

What are the causes of RCC?

Answer 5

Smoking, obesity, dialysis

Question 6

How does RCC spread?

Answer 6

• lymph node metastases -> liver, lung, brain and bone
• perinephric spread to back of kidney
• IVC to RA -> PE

Question 7

How is RCC treated?

Answer 7

• surveillance
• excision
• ablation

Question 8

Where does bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) occur?

Answer 8

Calyces, ureter, bladder and urethra

Question 9

Describe the presentation of localised TCC

Answer 9

-haematuria

Question 10

Describe the presentation of advanced TCC

Answer 10

• weight loss
• DVT
• lymphoedema

Question 11

What are the risk factors of TCC?

Answer 11

Smoking, occupation (painting etc)

Question 12

What is the treatment for TCC?

Answer 12

Cystectomy/radiotherapy and/or chemo

Question 13

What causes upper urinary tract TCC?

Answer 13

smoking

Question 14

What is the treatment for upper urinary tract TCC?

Answer 14

• nephro-ureterectomy
• chemo
• immunotherapy