Lecture 15-Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease Flashcards
What are the common causes of kidney disease?
Diabetes, high BP, infection/sepsis, hypovolaemia, nephrotoxins, inflammatory conditions
What is the presenting complaint of CKD?
- abnormal blood/urine dipstick
- fatigue
- loss of weight/appetite
- acute illness
- ankle swelling
- haematuria
What is the presenting complaint of AKI?
- previous infection
- volume depletion history
- fatigue
- ankle swelling
- nausea and vomiting
- pain
- change in urine
- dysuria
- fever
What are the risk factors for kidney disease?
- previous surgery
- diabetes
- hypertension
- ischaemic heart disease
- CKD
- enuresis in younger patients
What are the two main methods of examination used to diagnose kidney disease?
BP and urine dipstick
What is orthostatic proteinuria?
Younger people can have proteinuria when standing
When is the best time to ask for a urine sample?
Early morning
What are the non-glomerular causes of proteinuria?
UTI, inflammation, kidney tubule damage, myoglobin and Hb
What are the glomerular causes of proteinuria?
Glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, fever, exercise
What are some causes of haematuria?
Pyelonephritis, calculi, carcinomas, trauma, BPH
What are casts?
Collection of cells forming the shape of the tubule because it has been sat in the tubule and has been excreted
