Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC106 Exam 1 > Lecture 3 (DONE) > Flashcards

Lecture 3 (DONE) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Nervous System consist of?

A

CNS & PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is in the PNS?

A

The rest of the nervous system that is not the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the Nervous System?

A

Neurons and Glial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do neurons do?

A

They communicate through electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do Glial cells do?

A

Form the myelin sheath and wrap around the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common components to all cells of the body?

A

Cytoplasm, nucleus, membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and golgi complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

A

Anabolism USES energy to make something and catabolism breaks down smaller parts to CREATE energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two things that make neurons like other cells?

A

They have a membrane potential and ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of membrane potential?

A

Voltage difference inside and outside of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do ion channels do?

A

Allow ions to pass in and out of cell which changes the membrane potential. This is only if the ion channels are OPEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What molecules pass freely through the membrane?

A

CO2, H20, 02

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean when a membrane potential changes?

A

It is a signal or information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are components that are unique to neurons?

A

Soma, dendrites, axon, pre-synaptic & post-synaptic terminals, synapse, myelin sheath (glia), and nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is another word for soma?

A

Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive signals from neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What axons do?

A

Send electrical signals from one neuron to the next

18
Q

What is the main function of glial cells?

A

Support cells and form the myelin sheath.

19
Q

Are all neurons in vertebrates myelinated?

A

No!

20
Q

In neurons, what does mitosis do?

A

Make new neurons through mitosis

21
Q

In neurons, what does regeneration of cells mean?

A

Repair axons that have been cut.

22
Q

Why do neurons in the PNS and CNS lose their ability to undergo mitosis?

A

in the CNS, there are structures such as the skull and spine that protect the neurons from injury. Do need to expend that much energy to keep regenerating these cells.

23
Q

Do brain cells die as we get older?

A

No, they just become smaller and less functional.

24
Q

BRAIN CANCER ???

A

idk come back to it on the slide.

25
Q

Where does regeneration occur in most animals?

A

In the PNS

26
Q

What is the mechanism for regeneration in the PNS?

A

There are mechanisms to make collagen around the injury to act as a bridge for neurons to grow along.

27
Q

How does neural communication work?

A

Electrical signals are sent from one neuron the the next

28
Q

What is the synapse for muscles called?

A

Neuromuscular junction

29
Q

Does myelination make transmission slower or faster?

A

Faster

30
Q

Why does pain occur (myelin)?

A

Unmyelinated neurons

31
Q

Tell the story of how electrical signals travel along a neuron.

A
  1. Neurons have a membrane potential
  2. At Rest, nothing happens (-70mV), inside more negative
    -Conc. difference, K+ inside , Na+ Outside
    -At rest NOTHING happens
  3. Ion channels open
32
Q

How/why do ion channels open?

A

-NT binds to R on dendrites and opens NT-gated channels selective for NA+
-Na+ rushes into neuron, down the concentration gradient
-Membrane potential gets less negative

33
Q

Define depolarization.

A

Membrane potential becomes less negative.

34
Q

What happens when membrane potential reaches -55mV?

A

Action potential occurs. Travels down axon all the way to presynaptic terminals as an “electric signal” and changes the membrane potential along the way

35
Q

Define hyperpolarization.

A

Membrane potential become more negative. Makes it harder to create an action potential

36
Q

Define nodes of ranvier / saltatory conduction.

A

Gaps between the myelin sheath that speeds up the AP because it can jump over the myelin sheath

37
Q

What goes wrong in MS?

A

It is where you slowly lose motor control / ability because the myelin gets gets destroyed

38
Q

What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?

A

To keep out viruses and bacteria in the CNS

39
Q

How does the blood brain barrier work?

A

-Endothelial cells line the inside of blood vessels
-In all parts EXCEPT the CNS, there are gaps between the endothelial cells so substances in blood can move in and out of blood vessels to body parts
-in CNS there are “tight junctions” between cells, which disallow this movement

40
Q

What are some drugs that can get through the blood brain barrier?

A

Fat soluble substances, ex. cannabinoids. dissolve through fats of blood vessel walls.

PSYC106 Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions