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anat 312 > lecture 3 - blood supply > Flashcards

lecture 3 - blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

is the internal carotid 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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2
Q

what is origin of the internal carotid artery?

A

aorta –> common carotid –> internal carotid

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3
Q

how does the internal carotid enter the cranium?

A

via the carotid canal

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4
Q

what are the main branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, anterior communicating, middle cerebral and anterior choroidal arteries (4)

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5
Q

is the posterior communicating 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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6
Q

what does the posterior communicating artery supply?

A

parts of the thalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

is the anterior communicating 1 or 2 arteries?

A

1

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8
Q

what does the anterior communicating artery supply?

A

parts of the hypothalamus

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9
Q

is the anterior cerebral 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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10
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial inferior frontal lobe, and medial parietal lobe

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11
Q

is the middle cerebral 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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12
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

insula, precentral and postcentral gyri, lateral inferior frontal lobe, lateral parietal lobe, lateral temporal lobe, lateral occipital lobe

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13
Q

is the anterior choroidal 1 or 2 arteries?

A

1

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14
Q

what does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

optic tract, parts of the internal capsule, diencephalon

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15
Q

is the vertebral 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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16
Q

what is the origin of the vertebral artery?

A

aorta –> subclavian artery –> vertebral artery

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17
Q

how does the vertebral artery enter the cranium?

A

via the foramen magnum (through transverse processes of the neck)

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18
Q

what are the main brances of the vertebral artery?

A
  • PICA
  • anterior spinal arteries
  • posterior spinal arteries
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19
Q

is the PICA 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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20
Q

what does the PICA supply?

A

inferior anterior cerebellum, medulla

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21
Q

is the anterior spinal 1 or 2 arteries?

A

1

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22
Q

what does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord, medulla

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23
Q

is the posterior spinal 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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24
Q

what does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord, medulla

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25
Q

what do the vertebral arteries supply?

A

medulla

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26
Q

what do the vertebral arteries merge to form?

A

the basilar artery

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27
Q

is the basilar 1 or 2 arteries?

A

1

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28
Q

what does the basilar artery supply?

A

medulla, pons and midbrain

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29
Q

what are the branches of the basilar artery

A

AICA, pontine branches, superior cerebellar arteries, posterior cerebral arteries

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30
Q

is the AICA 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

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31
Q

what does the AICA supply?

A

inferior anterior cerebellum, pons

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32
Q

is the pontine branches 1 or 2 arteries?

A

multiple little arteries (usually 3-5)

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33
Q

what do the pontine branches supply?

A

pons

34
Q

is the superior cerebellar 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

35
Q

what does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A

cerebellum, midbrain, medulla

36
Q

is the posterior cerebral 1 or 2 arteries?

A

2

37
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial inferior occipital lobe, medial inferior temporal lobe and the midbrain (1^0)

38
Q

what forms the circle of willis?

A

the anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, internal carotid, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries

39
Q

what sits inside the circle of willis?

A
  • optic chiasm

- pituitary gland

40
Q

what is the functional significance of the cirlce of willis?

A

to maintain blood supply to the brain, should one of these major arteries be damaged

41
Q

what are the superficial veins?

A

superior cerebral veins, superficial middle cerebral vein

42
Q

how many superior cerebral veins are there?

A

8-12

43
Q

what is the function of the superior cerebral veins?

A

to drain the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

where do the superior cerebral veins empty into?

A

superior saggittal sinus – – – – > internal jugular veins

45
Q

how many superficial middle cerebral veins are there?

A

1

46
Q

what is the function of the superficial middle cerebral vein?

A

to drain the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

where does the superficial middle cerebral vein empty into?

A

cavernous sinus

48
Q

where do the superficial veins lie?

A

in the subarachnoid space

49
Q

how many internal cerebral veins are there?

A

2

50
Q

what is the function of the internal cerebral veins?

A

to drain the deep parts of the cerebral hemispheres

51
Q

where do the internal cerebral veins empty into?

A

empty into transverse, straight and sigmoid sinuses

52
Q

where does the great cerebral vein (of Galen) empty?

A

straight sinus

53
Q

what are dural sinuses?

A

valveless, venous channels in the located between the two dural layers

54
Q

whare are the major dural sinuses? (8)

A
  • superior sagittal sinus
  • inferior sagittal sinus
  • straight sinus
  • occipital sinuses
  • transverse sinuses
  • sigmoid sinuses
  • cavernous sinuses
  • superior ( 1) and inferior (2) petrosal sinuses
55
Q

where is the superior sagittal sinus?

A

runs along the superior edge of the falx cerebri

56
Q

where does the superior sagittal sinus drain?

A

into the condfluence of sinuses

57
Q

where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

runs along the inferior edge of the falx cerebri

58
Q

where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain?

A

into the straight sinus

59
Q

where is the straight sinus?

A

at the junction between the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli

60
Q

where does the straight sinus drain?

A

into the confluence of sinuses

61
Q

where are the transverse sinuses?

A

run through the tenorium cereblli

62
Q

where do the transverse sinuses drain?

A

into the sigmoid sinus

63
Q

where are the sigmoid sinuses?

A

near the middle inner ear, covered by the temporal bone

64
Q

where do the sigmoid sinuses drain?

A

into the internal jugular vein

65
Q

so what is the confluence of sinuses?

A

connecting point of superior saggittal sinus, straight sinus, and the occipital sinus

66
Q

where is the confluence of sinuses?

A

at the occipital pole of the skull

67
Q

where does the confluence of sinuses drain?

A

into the transverse sinuses

68
Q

where are the cavernous sinuses?

A

on either side of the pituitary fossa and body of sphenoid bone

69
Q

where do the cavernous sinuses drain?

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

70
Q

where does the superior petrosal sinus drain?

A

into the transverse sinuses

71
Q

where do the interior petrosal sinuses drain?

A

into the internal jugular veins

72
Q

where is the superior petrosal sinus?

A

between petrous part of temporal bone and tentorium cerebelli

73
Q

where is the inferior petrosal sinus?

A

inferior border of petrous part of temporal bone

74
Q

what is the blood brain barrier?

A

a highly selective, semipermeable border of endothelial cells

75
Q

what is the function of the blood brain barrier?

A

to regulate the entry of nutrients, exit of waste, and ion/fluid movement

76
Q

what are the structural components of the BBB?

A
  • endothelial cells
  • basement membrane
  • astrocytes
77
Q

describe endothelial cells as a component of the BBB

A
  • have TIGHT junctions (what makes them different)

- secrete inactivating enzymes

78
Q

describe the basement membrane as a component of the BBB

A

has pericytes and macrophages

79
Q

describe pericytes

A

vascular cells embeded in the basement membrane of the BBB - function to maintain it

80
Q

describe astrocytes as a component of the BBB

A
  • essential for forming the BBB - ensure tight junctions

- also important for maintenance

anat 312 (18 decks)

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