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anat 312 > lecture 2 - ventricles, meninges, csf > Flashcards

lecture 2 - ventricles, meninges, csf Flashcards

1
Q

broadly speaking, what are the ventricles?

A

four cavities and connecting channels

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2
Q

how do the ventricles develop?

A

from expansions of the lumen of the embryonic neural tube

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3
Q

are the ventricles continuous with one another? explain.

A

yes - and the central canal of the spinal cord, because of how they develop

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4
Q

describe the shape of the lateral ventricles

A

backwards ‘c’ shaped chambers (paired)

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5
Q

describe the component parts of the lateral ventricles

A
  • anterior horn
  • posterior horn
  • inferior horn
  • body
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6
Q

do the posterior or anterior horns lie closer together?

A

anterior horns lie closer to eachother, while the posterior horns are more separated

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7
Q

each component part of the lateral ventricles lies in a different lobe of the brain, list these.

A

ant horn: frontal lobe
post horn: occipital lobe
inf horn: temporal lobe
body: parietal lobe

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8
Q

where does the body of the lateral ventricles join the posterior and anterior horns?

A

at the atria

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9
Q

what is the choroid plexus?

A
  • tissue that lines all of the lateral ventricles, but specifically the body and the inferior horns
  • responsible for the production of CSF
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10
Q

what is the foramina of Monro?

A
  • aka interventricular foramen

- passageway via which the lateral ventricles drain into the third ventricle

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11
Q

the head of the caudate nucleus forms which border?

A

lateral wall of the anterior horn

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12
Q

the body of the caudate nucleus forms which border?

A

most of the lateral wall of the body

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13
Q

the caudate tail forms which border?

A

lies in roof of the inferior horn

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14
Q

the thalamus forms which border?

A

floor of body

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15
Q

the genu of the corpus callosum forms which border?

A

anterior wall of anterior horn

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16
Q

the body of the corpus callosum forms which border?

A

roof of the anterior horn and the body

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17
Q

the septum pellucidum forms which border?

A

medial wall of the anterior horn and the body

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18
Q

the hippocampus forms which border?

A

most of the floor and medial wall of the inferior horn

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19
Q

where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

btwn the two thalami

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20
Q

describe the shape of the 3rd ventricle

A

narrow, slit like cavity

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21
Q

which secondary vesicle does the 3rd venticle form from?

A

diencephalon

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22
Q

what is the cerebral aquaduct?

A

passageway that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

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23
Q

where does the cerebral aqueduct pass through?

A

midbrain

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24
Q

what secondary vesicle does the cerebral aquaduct form from?

A

mesencephalon

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25
Q

what forms the walls of the 3rd ventricle?

A

medial surface of thalamus and hypothalamus

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26
Q

what forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle?

A

hypothalamus

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27
Q

what are the borders of the 4th ventricle?

A
  • posterior to the pons and the rostral medulla

- anterior to the cerbellum

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28
Q

what is the 4th ventricle continuous with?

A
  • cranial: 3rd ventricle (via cerebral aquaduct)

- caudal: central canal

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29
Q

what secondary vesicle foes the fourth ventricle form from

A

rhombencephalon

30
Q

what secondary vesicle does the central canal form from

A

neural tube

31
Q

what does the central canal pass through?

A

medulla, then sc

32
Q

describe how CSF leaves the 4th ventricle

A

-most drains into the subarachnoid space via either:
( 1) foramen of Magendie (medial)
(2) foramen of Luschka (lateral)
-some leaks into the central canal of the sc

33
Q

outline the cycle of CSF

A
  • choroid plexus creates CSF in lateral ventricles
  • drains via foramen of Monro to 3rd ventricle
  • choroid plexus creates CSF in 3rd ventricle
  • accumulates
  • drains via cerebral aquaduct to 4th ventricle
  • choroid plexus creates CSF in 4th ventricle
  • accumulates
  • drains via foramen of Magendie or Laschuka to subarachnoid space or drains into central canal
  • flows around CNS
  • eventually reabsorbed into bloodstream
34
Q

what is the main take away from the cyle of CSF?

A

it is accumulating in each ventricle

35
Q

what are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter

36
Q

what is the outermost layer? (superficial)

A

dura matter

37
Q

what is the middle layer?

A

arachnoid matter

38
Q

what is the innermost layer? (deep)

A

pia matter

39
Q

which one of the cranial meninges is a double membrane?

A

dura

40
Q

what are the two layers of the double membrane?

A

periosteal layer

meningeal layer

41
Q

which dural layer is closer to the skull and which dural layer is closer to the brain?

A

skull - periosteal

brain - meningeal

42
Q

are the dural layers relatively easy of hard to separate?

A

hard

43
Q

during development, what happens to the dura matter?

A

it is reflected inwards, forming folds called the dural septa

44
Q

what are the dural septa?

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

45
Q

what is the function of the dural septa?

A

function as scaffolding to help minimize excessive brain movement within the skull

46
Q

where is the falx cerebri?

A

dural invagination into saggittal fissure

47
Q

where is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

dural invagination into horizontal fissure

48
Q

what is the subdural space

A

potential space between dura matter and arachnoid matter

49
Q

what is the epidural space?

A

potential space between dura matter and bone (skull or vertebral collumn)

50
Q

what is the subarachnoid space?

A

real space between the arachnoid matter and pia matter that is filled with csf and bvs (surrounds entire brain)

51
Q

explain how the arachnoid matter is connected to the pia matter

A

denticulate ligaments: web-like threads of collagen and elastin fibres extend from the arachnoid matter down to the pia matter to secure it

52
Q

describe the pia matter

A

thinnest, vascualarized protective layer attached firmly to the surface of the brain and the sc (even dips into fissures and sulci of the brain)

53
Q

do all three meningeal layers cover both the brain and sc?

A

yes, except pia only reaches L1/L2

54
Q

describe the composition of CSF

A

similar to blood plasma (‘watery broth’)

55
Q

how is CSF formed?

A

as a filtrate from blood plasma by the choroid plexus

56
Q

where is CSF reabsorbed back into circulation?

A

dural venous sinus (mainly superior saggittal sinus)

57
Q

how is CSF reabsorbed back into circulation?

A

via arachnoid vili in the sinus

58
Q

what is hydrocephalus?

A

the buildup of fluid in the ventricles of the brain - very deadly

59
Q

what meningeal layer are the cisterns located in?

A

subarachnoid space

60
Q

what are the spinal cisterns?

A

lumbar cistern

61
Q

describe the lumbar cistern (3 facts)

A
  • largest
  • occurs because pia only reaches L1/L2
  • where do spinal tap
62
Q

what are the cranial cisterns?

A

pontine, cisterna magna, quadrigeminal, ambient, interpeduncular

63
Q

what is the function of cisterns?

A

areas where CSF can accumulate to allow for lots of good stuff

64
Q

where is the pontine cistern?

A

anterior and inferior to the pons, superior to the medulla

65
Q

where is the cisterna magna?

A

inferior to the cerebellum, posterior to the medulla

66
Q

where is the quadrigeminal cistern?

A

posterior to the midbrain

67
Q

where is the ambient cistern?

A

lateral to the midbrain

68
Q

where is the interpeduncular cistern?

A

anterior to the midbrain

69
Q

where is CSF reabsorbed back into circulation?

A

internal jugular vein

70
Q

are the dural venous sinuses connected?

A

yes

anat 312 (18 decks)

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