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PPO2 > Lecture 3 Blood Pressure-(dobies slide 6 additional) > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Blood Pressure-(dobies slide 6 additional) Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure is the (veins/arterial) wall force due to the hear pumping blood

A

arterial

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2
Q
  • Determined by the force of the blood pumped
  • Amount of blood pumped
  • Size of the arteries
  • Flexibility of the arteries
  • -all of these describe affects of ?
A

4 factors affect blood pressure

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3
Q

name three things that blood pressure is dependent on (or name more)

A 
Activity
Temperature
Diet
Emotional state
Posture
Physical state
Medication use
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4
Q

Blood pressure is expressed in ____

A

mm of mercury

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5
Q

by convention it is measured in (left/right) arm

A

right

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6
Q 
left arm can differ as much as \_\_ mm HG
A) 3
B)4
C)5
D)9
A

5

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7
Q

T/F pt can sit, reclin, or be supine when taking blood pressure

A

T

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8
Q

The renin-angiotensin system or RAS regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. When blood volume or sodium levels in the body are low, or blood potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme, renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to the hormone angiotensin I. An enzyme known as ACE or angiotensin-converting enzyme found in the lungs metabolizes angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to increase. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone in the adrenal glands, which causes the renal tubules to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium. Together, angiotensin II and aldosterone work to raise blood volume, blood pressure and sodium levels in the blood to restore the balance of sodium, potassium, and fluids.

If the renin-angiotensin system becomes overactive, consistently high blood pressure results.

A

in clinic typically do RAS

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9
Q

blood pressure is given in what order diastolic/systolic or systolic/diastolic

A

systolic/diastolic

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10
Q

T/F hypertension is not diagnosed by a single high reading

A

T

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11
Q
  • Compliance with medication
  • Reinforce importance of compliance
  • Silent disease
  • -all of theses are what?
A

these are some reasons we screen in office for blood pressure

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12
Q

T/F you wont be able to see the effects of hypertension in eye

A

F May see effects of the disease on vision or the eye

example - hypertensive retinopathy

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13
Q

T/F when a pt comes in with high blood pressure you make every effort to avoid systemic absorption of the topical eye drops

A

T

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14
Q

(gluacoma/cataracts/hypertensive retinopathy) is a manifestation of the diesease process of increased blood pressure in the eye

A

hypertensive retinopathy

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15
Q

In hypertensive retinopathy retinal arteries (enlarge/narrow) and constrict

A

narrow

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16
Q

In hypertensive retinopathy blood vessels (close up/leak) causing hemorrhages and exudates

A

leak

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17
Q

In hypertensive retinopathy vessels leak and blood spreads and look like a ___

A

flame

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18
Q

small areas of local hypoxia know as ___ __ spots in the nerve fiber layer of the retina

A

cotton wool spots

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19
Q

_____ hypertension is when the optic nerve may be affected and swollen

A

malignant

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20
Q

_____ is another name for when the optic nerve becomes swollen

A

papilledema

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21
Q
  • Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage
  • Retinal artery occlusion
  • Retinal vein occlusion
  • Retinal artery macro-aneurysms
  • Exudative retinal detachments
  • Oculo-motor palsies
  • -all of these could be from ?(gluacoma/hypertension/cataract surgery)
A

hypertension

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22
Q
  • Open angle glaucoma
  • TIA / Amaurosis fugax
  • -both of these can be from what type which one (hyper or hypotension)
A

could be both hyper and hypotension

23
Q

Name the two types of hypertension

A

essential , secondary

24
Q

No identifiable underlying cause describes (essential/secondary) hypertension

25
Q

(Eclampsia/Pheochromocytoma) is seizures (convulsions) in a pregnant woman. These seizures are not related to an existing brain condition.

26
Q

(Pheochromocytoma/Eclampsia) is a rare tumor of adrenal gland tissue. It results in the release of too much epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones that control heart rate, metabolism, and blood pressur

A

Pheochromocytoma

27
Q
  • Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Kidney disease
  • Adrenal disease
  • these can come from (essential/secondary) hypertension
28
Q
  1. Normal: less than
  2. Pre-hypertension:
  3. Stage 1 hypertension:
  4. Stage 2 hypertension:
A)140-159/90-99
B)>160/>99
C)120-139/80-90
D)120/80
-MATCH IT
A

Normal: less than 120/80
Pre-hypertension: 120-139/80-90
Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 hypertension: >160/>99

29
Q

Norma blood pressure is :

A)140-159/90-99
B)>160/>99
C)120-139/80-90
D)120/80

30
Q

Pre-hypertension:

A)140-159/90-99
B)>160/>99
C)120-139/80-90
D)120/80

A

C)120-139/80-90

31
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A)140-159/90-99
B)>160/>99
C)120-139/80-90
D)120/80

A

A)140-159/90-99

32
Q

Stage 2 hypertension:

A)140-159/90-99
B)>160/>99
C)120-139/80-90
D)120/80

A

B)>160/>99

33
Q

T/F Elevation of blood pressure due to anxiety of being in a doctor’s office seen in 20-30% of the population

34
Q

Home monitoring of blood pressure is (less/more) accurate

35
Q

T/F Keep White Coat syndrome in mind but do not dismiss high blood pressure!

36
Q
  • Extremely high blood pressure
  • All the findings of hypertensive retinopathy PLUS -swollen optic nerve head
  • May present with occipital headaches
    • all of these describe (malignant/essential/secondary) hypertension
37
Q

(Gestation/eclampsia) is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside female

38
Q
  • At risk for bilateral occipital lobe infarction
  • Cortical blindness
  • both of these describe risks from (secondary/malignant) hypertension
39
Q

Urgency depends on the _____ pressure and ___

A

blood , symptoms

40
Q

-Chest pain
-Difficulty breathing
-Headache
-Blurred vision
-Optic disc swelling
-Diastolic of 110-120 mm Hg
These symptoms describe a pt. which are considered to be (not always/always) urgent

41
Q

An (Internist/optometrist) is a personal physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and in the hospital, managing both common and complex illnesses of adolescents, adults and the elderly

42
Q

(Sphygmanometer/stethoscope) is a blood pressure cuff

A

Sphygmanometer

43
Q

(Korotkoff/kerr/korotive) sounds are heard with stehoscope

44
Q 
Manual blood pressure is performed after \_\_\_ minutes of rest
A)10
B)5
C)2
D)7
45
Q 
Manual blood pressure is performed after \_\_\_ minutes after caffeine, smoking, exercise
A)30
B)35
C)25
D)17
46
Q

Where do you want to place teh stethoscope bulb what level?

A

heart level

47
Q

T/f thin sleeves or bare arm are better to use for manual blood pressure

48
Q

During manual blood pressure wrap cuff about __ inch above arm crease

A)1
B)5
C)2
D)7

49
Q

Palpate the radial artery with ___ and ___fingers to estimate systolic pressure

A

midde and forefinger

50
Q

Inflate cuff __mmHg above where the pulse disappears (is no longer felt) to estimate the systolic pressure

A)10
B)30
C)20
D)35

Deflate the cuff slowly __mmHg per second until you can first palpatethe beat again

A)1-2
B)5-6
C)2-3
D)6-7

51
Q

When you hear the first heart beat while measuring the blood pressure you are estimating the (diastolic/systolic) pressure

52
Q 
Phase I: 
Phase II: 
Phase III:
Phase IV: 
Phase V: 
A-swishing murmur
B-disappearance of sounds
C-abrupt sound muffling
D-crisper sound
E-soft tapping, systolic reading
---Match to correct phase
A 
Phase I: soft tapping, systolic reading
Phase II: swishing murmur
Phase III: crisper sound
Phase IV: abrupt sound muffling
Phase V: disappearance of sounds
53
Q

T/F when you record blood pressure you just need to record mm Hg of systolic/diastolic

A

F also records time and type of cuff used

Example 120/80 mmHg R.A.S @ 5pm. Adult cuff.

PPO2 (15 decks)

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