Lecture 3

Question 1

Meta-analysis

Answer 1

A quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance

Question 2

Peer review

Answer 2

All peer reviewed published papers are evaluated by experts in the relevant topic

Question 3

Impact factor

Answer 3

The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of citations per paper published in that journal during the two preceding years

Question 4

Plagiarism

Answer 4

Passing off the ideas or words of someone else as one’s own or use the ideas or words of someone else without crediting the source

Question 5

Publication bias

Answer 5

Findings are selectively published based on whether they show positive results or not

Question 6

File drawer effect

Answer 6

In the scientific literature the following findings are often misrepresented or not represented at all:

• Null findings (e.g., non-significant results)
• Non-confirmatory results

Question 7

Open access/science

Answer 7

scientific articles are available online without paying a fee to the publisher. Instead, the scientist pays a fee to have the paper published