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BIOL 203 Lecture > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

Biology of the Cell

1
Q

How many cells is the human body made up of

A

more than 1 x 10^13 (ten trillion)

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2
Q

How many cells may die and be replaced in a day

A

60 - 70 billion

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3
Q

How to cell differ from each other

A

in shape and function

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4
Q

components of the plasma membrane

A

lipids and glycolipids, proteins and glycoproteins, carbohydrates, microvilli

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5
Q

components of the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrosoes, cilia/flagella, vesicles, microfilaments, microtubules, inclusions

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6
Q

components of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear matrix

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7
Q

list the intercellular junctions

A

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, adherens

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8
Q

describe the makeup of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer, microvilli, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

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9
Q

role cholesterol in the plasma membrane

A

determines membrane fluidity; more cholesterol + less fluid

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10
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins embedded in the membrane

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11
Q

transmembrane proteins

A

proteins that span the membrane

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12
Q

carrier proteins

A

transport molecules across the membrane

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13
Q

channel proteins

A

form water-filled pores permitting ions to cross the membrane

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14
Q

transporter proteins

A

neurotransmission

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15
Q

receptor proteins

A

binds a specific substance exposed to the cell

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16
Q

peripheral proteins

A

bound to surface of the membrane; some partially inside the membrane

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17
Q

glycolipids/glycoproteins

A

lipids/proteins containing carbohydrates

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18
Q

carbohydrate’s role in the plasma membrane

A

always outside; cell-cell interaction and cell recognition

19
Q

tight junction

A

seals space between cells

20
Q

adherens junction

A

connects actin filament bundles in adjacent cells

21
Q

desmosome

A

very strong junction that connects intermediate filaments in adjacent cells

22
Q

gap junction

A

communicating junction that allows small molecules and ions to pass between cells

23
Q

pemphigus

A

disease caused by antibodies made against the skin’s desmosomes

24
Q

rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

has ribosomes/does not have ribosomes

25
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesizes and secretes proteins and lipids

26
Q

ribosomes

A

composed of ribosomal RNA; join individual amino acids together during protein synthesis

27
Q

golgi apparatus

A

made of endoplasmic reticulum; intracellular delivery and export, chemically modifies, sorts, and packages the newly-synthesized proteins

28
Q

mitrochondria

A

used oxygen to oxidise glucose and fatty acids to make ATP

29
Q

lysosomes

A

break down proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids; formed by the Golgi

30
Q

peroxisomes

A

bags of enzymes; break down fatty acids, synthesize cholesterol; make parts of the myelin sheath

31
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)

A

failure to form the peroxisomal enzymes that oxidize long chain fatty acids

32
Q

centrosomes

A

where cell microtubules are produced, divides to centrioles during cell division

33
Q

cilia/flagella

A

the motile hair-like structure on the surface of the cell membrane

34
Q

vesicles

A

around the Golgi and are a part of endocytosis and exocytosis

35
Q

cytoskeleton

A

a network of actin filaments; intermingled with microtubules; intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength to cells and tissues

36
Q

inclusions

A

lipid droplets, glycogen granules, and melanin granules

37
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double-walled; has nuclear pores that let RNA move out to the cytoplasm and proteins to move into the nucleus

38
Q

nucleolus

A

where ribosomes are assembled

39
Q

chromatin

A

made of DNA and associated proteins (histones); within the nuclear matrix; when they condense and duplicate they form chromosomes

40
Q

nuclear matrix

A

variety of soluble molecules that may play a role for gene expression

41
Q

structure of lysosomes

A

contain enzymes for digestion, single phospholipid bilayer

42
Q

pH of lysosomes

A

around 5

43
Q

microvilli

A

non-motile, hollow, tubular extension of the cell membrane to increase surface area to improve absorption

44
Q

microtubules

A

responsible for cell shape; hollow rods; move organelles around the cell interior

BIOL 203 Lecture (7 decks)

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