Lab 5

Question 1

collagen fibers

Answer 1

provide tensile strength

Question 2

calcium phosphate/hydroxylapatite

Answer 2

provides compressional strength

Question 3

purpose of the bones

Answer 3

support, protect, levers to amplify muscle contractions

Question 4

hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis

Answer 4

the process where various blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow

Question 5

long bones

Answer 5

act as levers

Question 6

location of long bones

Answer 6

arm, leg, fingers, toes

Question 7

short bones

Answer 7

in confined places where they transfer force

Question 8

location of short bones

Answer 8

wrist or ankle

Question 9

flat bones

Answer 9

allow for attachment of muscle and protect underlying tissue

Question 10

location of flat bones

Answer 10

skull, ribs, scapulae

Question 11

irregular bones

Answer 11

have projections that serve as attachment sites for muscle

Question 12

location of irregular bones

Answer 12

vertebrae

Question 13

round/sesamoid bones

Answer 13

endure a lot of pressure

Question 14

location of round/sesamoid bones

Answer 14

within tendons at joints; wrist and patella

Question 15

diaphysis

Answer 15

the shaft/long portion of the bone

Question 16

epiphyses

Answer 16

end of the diaphysis, made of spongy bone

Question 17

articular cartilage

Answer 17

hyaline cartilage at the end of bones

Question 18

medullary cavity

Answer 18

the hollow center of the diaphysis, has fat-storing yellow marrow

Question 19

endosteum

Answer 19

layer of cells and spongy bone in the medullary cavity

Question 20

ossification

Answer 20

process where fibrous connective tissue and hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 21

osteoprogenitor

Answer 21

changes into an osteoblasts which turn into osteocytes

Question 22

list the 5 factors that affect bone growth and development

Answer 22

1. minerals
2. vitamins
3. hormones
4. exercise
5. aging

Question 23

what minerals affect bone growth

Answer 23

calcium, phosphorus, boron, manganese

Question 24

what vitamins affect bone growth

Answer 24

D, A, C

Question 25

growth hormone

Answer 25

dwarfism, gigantism –> hormone release before ossification of epiphyseal disk is too little or too much

Question 26

sex hormones

Answer 26

prompt closure of epiphyseal disks

Question 27

calcitonin

Answer 27

can inhibit osteoclasts

Question 28

parathyroid

Answer 28

affects bone resorption

Question 29

thyroid

Answer 29

stimulate bone resorption

Question 30

how does exercise affect bone growth

Answer 30

more exercise makes bones thicker and stronger

Question 31

osteoporosis

Answer 31

disorder where there is a loss of bone mass and mineral content

Question 32

vitamin D deficiencies

Answer 32

children: rickets
adults: osteomalacia

Question 33

periosteum

Answer 33

covers surface of bone