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Functional Anatomy > Lecture 3 & 4 - Pectoral Girdle and Scapular Control > Flashcards

Lecture 3 & 4 - Pectoral Girdle and Scapular Control Flashcards

1
Q

what is the shoulder/pectoral girdle?

A

the attachment point of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- > it has high mobility and therefore lower stability

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2
Q

parts of the sternum

A

Upper Portion
- > manubrium
Mid Portion
- > body
Lower portion
- > xiphoid process

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3
Q

Joints/Articulations of the pectoral girdle

A
  1. Sternocostal
  2. Sternoclavicular
  3. Acromioclavicular
  4. Glenohumeral (Shoulder joint)
  5. Costovertebral
  6. (Scapulothorasic) articulation
  7. (interclavicular) articulation
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4
Q

movement of sternoclavicular joint

A
  • > synovial saddle joint
  • > Movement
    * full elevation is around 60 deg
    *ant/post, protraction/retraction and small amounts of rotational movement
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5
Q

ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint and how they each limit motion

A
  1. Interclavicular ligament
    - > limits sup and lateral displacement of clavicle
  2. Sternoclavicular ligament
    - > limits ant and post gliding of clavicle
  3. Costoclavicular ligament
    - > main support limits all ROM except depression
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6
Q

Parts of the clavicle

A
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7
Q

movements of the acromioclavicular joint and what’s its main function

A

synovial plane joint, gliding motions

  • > serves as a restriction too over-head arm movements; scapular movements with respect to the clavicle
  • > up/downward in/external rotation
  • > ant/posterior tilting or tipping
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8
Q

ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint and how they limit motion

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

  • > conoid and trapezoid
  • > primary retraint to vertical displacement

Acromioclavicular lig

  • > prevents separation of clavicle and scapula, and posterior displacement

Coracoacromial lig

  • > forms roof over glenohumeral joint
  • > provides limit to superior humeral head movement
  • > protects bursa and supraspinatus tendons
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9
Q

scapulothoracic joint movements

A

- > physiological joint

movm’t in three directions

  1. pro/retraction (also known as add/abduction)
  2. sup/inf rotation (also known as up/downwards rot)
  3. elevation/depression
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10
Q

function of scapulothoracic joint and explain scapulo-humeral rhythm

A

allows arm to abduct beyond the 120deg allowed by the glenohumeral joint alone

Scapulo-humeral rhythm

  • > 1deg of scapular rotation for ever 2deg of humeral abduction
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11
Q

layout of the structures of the pectoral girdle in anatomical position

A
  • > clavicle is 20deg posterior to frontal plane
  • > scapula is oriented 35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane
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12
Q

primary muscles involved with protraction and retraction of the scapula

A

Protraction

  • > serratus anterior (also holds scapula against thoracic wall)
  • > pectoralis major and minor

Retraction

- > trapezius (middle part)

- > rhomboids

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13
Q

origin and insertion points of the serratus anterior

A

Origin

  • > external surfaces of the lateral parts of ribs 1-8 (ser(8)tus)

Insertion

  • > anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
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14
Q

actions of the serratus anterior and what innervates this muscle

A
  • > it protracts the scapula and hold it against the thoracic wall
  • > rotates the scapula in an upwards direction
  • > it is innervated by the long thoracic nerve
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15
Q

origin and insertion of pectoralis major

A

Origin

  • > clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
  • > sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum

Insertion

  • > lateral lip of the intertubuercular/bicepital groove of the humerus
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16
Q

actions of pectoralis major and how its innervated

A
  • > adducts and medially rotates the humerus
  • > draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
  • > innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves
17
Q

origin and insertion, actions of pectoralis minor and how its innervated

A

Origin

  • > anterior surface of ribs 3,4,5

Insertion

  • > coracoid process of the scapula

Action

  • > anchors and depresses the scapula

Innervated by medial pectoral nerve

18
Q

insertion and origin, action, and innervation of middle trapezius

A

origin

  • > spinous processes of T1-5

insertion

  • > medial margin of the acromion and superior lip of the spine of the scapula

action

  • > retracts the scapula

innervation

  • > spinal accessory nerves (Cranial Nerve 11)
19
Q

insertion and origin, action, and innervation of upper fibres of trapezius

A

Origin

  • > external occipital protuberance, medial ⅓ of the superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process C7

insertion

  • > lateral ⅓ of the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula

action

  • > elevates the scapula

Innervation

  • > spinal accessory nerves
20
Q

Origin and insertion, action, and innervation of lower fibres of trapezius

A

origin

  • > spinous process of T6-12

insertion

  • > tubercle at the apex of spine of the scapula

action

  • > depresses the scapula and retracts scapula

innervation

  • > spinal accessory nerves
21
Q

rhomboids

A

origin

  • > ligamentus nuchae, spinous process of C7 and T1 (minor)
  • > spinous processes of T2-5 (major)

insertion

  • > medial border of the scapula between the pine and inferior angle (major)
  • > medial border of the scapula, at the root of the spine of scapula (minor)

action

  • > adducts and elevates the scapula

innervated

  • > dorsal scapular nerve
22
Q

what actions are possible with the pectoral girdle

A
23
Q

which muscles would elevate the scapula

A

- > levator scapulae

- > trapezius

  • > rhomboids
24
Q

origin/insertion, action and innervation of levator scapulae

A

origin

  • > transverse processes of C1-4

insertion

  • > medial border of scapula, between sup angle and root of spine

action

  • > elevates scapula and assists with downward rotation

innervation

cervical nerves 3 and 4, dorsal scapular nerve

25
Q

which muscles depress the scapula

A
  • > trapezius (lower part)
  • > subclavius

- > gravity

26
Q

which muscles rotate the scapula

A

Upward rotation

  • > trapezius (upper and lower fibres)
  • > serratus anterior

Downward rotation

- > levator scapulae

- > rhomboids

- > pectoralis minor

- > gravity

27
Q

types of joint lever systems

A

F=fulcrum

E=effort

L=load

  • > first class like a seesaw
28
Q

how does changing the position of the fulcrum in a first class lever change E and L

A
29
Q

how do we have a force disadvantage but a movement advantage with 3rd class levers

A

*distance from E-F and E-L*

30
Q

2nd class lever

A

L is in the middle

  • > force advantage since there is less force needed as the load is more dispersed but movement disadvantage since we can’t move that much
31
Q

skeletal muscle fiber organization

A
  • > circular (mouth)
  • > parallel
  • > convergent (like a fan)
  • > pennate
  • unipennate
  • bipennate
    • multipennate
32
Q

actions of skeletal muscles

A

Agonist (prime mover)

  • > produces a specific movement when it contracts (bicep)

Antagonist

  • > a muscle whose action opposes/reverses that of an agonist (tricep)

Synergist

  • > a muscle that assists the agonist or prime mover
33
Q

types of muscle contraction

A
34
Q

things that can cause shoulder pain

A

- > scapular control

  • musculature weakness and imbalance
  • innervation

- > rotator cuff musculature

  • weakness and imbalance
  • innervation
  • tendinopathy (rubbing/irritation of tendon)

- > instability

  • glenoid labrum injury
  • dislocation and sublaxation
35
Q

define scapular control and what is poor scapular control

A

the combined movement of humerus and scapular (scapulohumal rhythm)

  • > for every 2 deg shoulder abduction, theres 1dec of upward scapular rotation

poor scapular control when performing arm movements is caused by inadequate movement of the scapula

36
Q

nerves involved in scapular control

A

Long thoracic nerve

  • > innervates serratus anterior
  • > damage from blunt force trauma of lower armpit can cause paralysis of this muscle

Suprascapular nerve

37
Q

suprascapular nerve entrapment

A
  • > nerve passes through suprascapular notch so swollen supraspinatus can entrap it
  • > most commonly caused by extremes of scapular motions associated with throwing actions
  • which causes localized pain and muscle weakness

Functional Anatomy (14 decks)

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