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Functional Anatomy > Lecture 13 - Hip Muscles and Hip Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Hip Muscles and Hip Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the hip joint

A

size of ball (head of femur) and socket (acetabulum) is bigger than shoulder

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2
Q

parts of the hip bone (Lateral view)

A

made up of 3 bones fused together

  • > illium
  • > ishium
  • > pubis

(acetabulum is made up of all three)

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3
Q

important structure of the hip bone (medial view)

A
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4
Q

parts of the femur

A
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5
Q

what actions can we do with our hip joint

A
  • > Flex/Extension
  • > Add/Abduction
  • > Internal/external rotation

combine for circumduction

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6
Q

muscles that flex the hip

A
  • > psoas major (don’t worry about this one)
  • > illiacus
  • > minor flexors

*rectus femoris

*sartorius

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7
Q

O/I/I/A of illiacus

A

Origin

  • > upper ⅔ of the iliac fossa

Insertion

  • > base of the lesser trochanter

Nerve

  • > femoral nerve

Action

  • > flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint
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8
Q

Hip extensors

A

Glueus maxiums

Hamtring Muscles (extend hip and flex the knee)

  • > biceps femoris (long head only)
  • > semitendiosis
  • > semimembranosis
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9
Q

OIIA of gluteus maximus

A

Origin

  • > gluteal surface of the ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum

Insertion

  • > gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotbial band

Nerve

  • > inferior gluteal nerve

Action

  • > external rotation and extension of the hp joint, supports the extended knee through the IT band, abduction of the hip
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10
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

where glut max attaches to

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11
Q

IT band

A
  • > attaches to glut max and tensor fasciae latae
  • > foam rollers help with tight IT band
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12
Q

general characteristics of the hamstring muscles

A
  • > all attach to ischial tuberosity
  • > short head of bicep femoris does not help with hip extension since it doesn’t cross the hip joint
  • > semimemranosis is flat like a membrane
  • > semitendiosis is a tube like structure
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13
Q

O/I/I/A of bicep femoris

A

Origin

  • > Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • > Short head: linea aspera of the femur

Insertion

  • > head of fibula

Nerve

  • > LH fibial nerve
  • > SH common fibular nerve

Action

  • > both heads flex and extend the nee but only LH extends the hip
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14
Q

O/I/I/A of semitendinosus

A

Origin

  • > ischial tuberosity

Insertion

  • > Pes anserinun (tibia)

Nerve

  • > sciatic nerve (tibial)

Action

  • > flex knee and extends hip
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15
Q

O/I/I/A of semimembranosus

A

Origin

  • > ischial tuberosity

Insertion

  • > medial condyle of the tibia

Nerve

  • > sciatic nerve (tibial)

Action

  • > flex knee extends hip
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16
Q

where is the pes anserinus and which muscles attach to it

A

tibia

  • > sartorius
  • > gracialis
  • > semitendonosus
  • say grace before T*
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17
Q

muscles that adduct the hip

A
  • > adductor magnus
  • > adductor longus
  • > adductor brevis
  • > pectineus
  • > gracilis
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18
Q

O/I/I/A of gracilis

A

Origin

  • > ischipubic ramus

Insertion

  • > pes anserinus

Innervation

  • > obturator nerve

Action

  • > flexes, medial rotates, adducts the hip
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19
Q

O/I/I/A of adductor magnus

A

(ad-adductorp part and hs- hamstring par of add. magnus)

Origin

  • > pubis(ad) and ischial tuberosity(hs)

Insert

  • > linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur

Nerve

  • > obturaator nerve (ad) sciatic nerve (hs)

Action

  • > extends hip (hs) flexes hip (ad) and adducts hip (both)
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20
Q

O/I/I/A of adductor longus

A

Origin

  • > pubic body, just below crest)

Insertion

  • > middle ⅓ of the linea aspera

Nerve

  • > obturator nerve

Action

  • > adducts hip
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21
Q

O/I/I/A of adductor brevis

A

Origin

  • > ant surface of the inf ramus of the body of the pubis

Insert

  • > lesser trochanter and linea aspera

Innervation

  • > obturator nerve

Action

  • > adducts hip, some flexion
22
Q

O/I/I/A of pectineus

A

Origin

  • > pectineal line of the pubic bone

Insert

  • > pectineal line of the femur

Innervation

  • > obturator nerve

Action

  • > flexes and adducts hip, assists with medial rotation
23
Q

muscles that abduct the hip

A
  • > glueus maximus
  • > gluteus medius
  • > gluteus minimim
  • > tensor fascia lata
24
Q

O/I/I/A of gluteus medius

A

Origin

  • > gluteal surface of ilium

Insertion

  • > greater trochanter

Nerve

  • > superior gluteal nerve

Action

  • > abduction of the hip, lat rotation of thigh
25
Q

O/I/I/A of gluteal minimus

A

Origin

  • > area between ant gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of gluteal surface of ilium

Insert

  • > greater trochanter

Nerve

  • > superior gluteal nerve

Action

  • > hip abductor, med roation of the thigh
26
Q

O/I/I/A of tensor fascia latae

A

Origin

  • > illiac crest

Insert

  • > illiotbial band

Nerve

  • > superior guteal nerve

Action

  • > at the hip: flexion, med roation, abduction
  • > at the knee: lateral rotation
  • > also stabilizes torso in the frontal plane
27
Q

Medial rotators of the hip

A

- > gluteus medius (depends of certain factors, not always)

- > gluteal minimus

- > tensor facia lata

  • > adductor brevis and longus
  • > superior portion of the adductor magnus
28
Q

actions of gluteus medius

A
29
Q

lateral rotators of the hip

A

DEEP 6

  • > piriformis
  • > gemellus superior
  • > obturator internus
  • > gemellus inferior
  • > quadratus femoris
  • > obturator externus

others

  • > sartorius
30
Q

O/I/I/A of Piriformis

A

Origin

  • > sacrum

Insert

  • > greater trochanter

Nerve

  • > sciatic nerve

Action

  • > external rotator of the hip joint, abducts hip in a flexed position
31
Q

O/I/I/A of sartorius

A

Origin

  • > ant super illiac spine

Insertion

  • > pres anserinus

Nerve

  • > femoral

Action

  • > flexes hip and knee, abducts hip, externally rotates hip

tailors position, longest muscle in the human body

32
Q

male vs female pelvis

A

Left is male, right is female

33
Q

male vs female Q-Angle

A
  • > caused by pelvis shape
34
Q

parts of the femur involved in the hip joint

A
  • > head
  • > neck
  • > fovea (ball)
35
Q

femur landmarks important for hip joint movement

A
  • > greater trochanter
  • > lesser trochanter
36
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • > lined with cartilage
  • > aprox 70% of the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum
37
Q

acetabular labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage

38
Q

3 ligaments that blend with the capsule

A

the ligaments are blended together to create a structure like a Chinese finger trap, get tighter when your pull on them keeping the femur in the acetabulum

  • > illiofemoral
  • > pubofemoral
  • > ischiofemoral
39
Q

illiofemoral ligament

A
  • > y shaped
  • > located on anterior side
  • > resists extension, ex rotation and some adduction
  • > supports most of the body wight so it plays an important role in standing posture
40
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

located on anterior side

  • > resists abduction, some ex rotation and extension
41
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

located on posterior side

  • > resists extension, adduction and internal rotation
42
Q

what ligaments resist hip flexion

A

none of them

  • > the main resister of hip flexion are the hamstrings

*your get more flexion with knee bent knee (low tension in hamstrings) compared to straight leg

43
Q

ROM of hip join

A

Flexion - > 120-125

*primarily limited by soft tissue (muscles)

Extension - > 10-15

Abduction - > 30-45

*limited by abductor muscles

Adduction - > 15-30

*limited by tensor fascia lata

Med/Lat rotation - > 30-50

*limited by antagonist muscles and ligaments

44
Q

pelvofemoral rhythm

A
  • > posterior and anterior tilt of pelvis with flexion and extension respectively
45
Q

the femoral triangle

A

important area that houses a bunch of important structures (femoral artery, nerve and vein)

borders

  • > iguinal ligament
  • > sartorius
  • > adductor longus
46
Q

piriformis syndrome and different piriformis and sciatic nerve variations

A

tight piriformis puts pressure of the sciatic nerve which can cause pain

a) normal
b) nerve goes through muscle that can cause pain, numbness
c) rare, split in two, half above half under

47
Q

why is hip rotation important

A

it’s important in walking

  • > if we don’t rotate/extend hip, then we’ll walk slow as our strides are smaller
48
Q

what typically breaks when your break your hip

A

heck of femur head

49
Q

typical hip dislocation

A

posteriorly dislocates

50
Q

hip replacement

A

breakdown of cartilage in the hip which causes irritation, fake acetabulum and head

Functional Anatomy (14 decks)

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