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genetics > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

intro to molecular genetics

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the idea that living organisms tend toward equilibrium with their environment explains what concept?

A

adaptation

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2
Q

what are the SIX core atoms that comprise the macromolecules of life?

A

CHONPS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur)

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3
Q

what are the FOUR macromolecules of life?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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4
Q

what is the basic unit of a carbohydrate?

A

sugar molecule

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5
Q

what are the atoms found in carbohydrates?

A

CHO(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

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6
Q

what is the purpose of a carbohydrate in a cell?

A

provides energy and support

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7
Q

monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and disaccharides are all examples of what?

A

carbohydrates

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8
Q

what is the basic unit of a lipid?

A

fatty acid

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9
Q

what are the atoms found in a lipid?

A

CHO (and sometimes P)

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10
Q

what is the purpose of a lipid in a cell?

A

provides energy, structure, and cushioning to the cell; prevents loss of heat

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11
Q

what is the basic unit of a nucleic acid?

A

nucleotide

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12
Q

what are the THREE components of a nucleotide?

A

sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

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13
Q

what are the TWO types of nucleic acids?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA)

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14
Q

what are the atoms found in nucleic acids?

A

CHONP(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)

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15
Q

what is the purpose of nucleic acids in a cell?

A

directs and controls all cellular activities

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16
Q

what determines whether a nucleic acid is DNA or RNA?

A

the presence/absence of an -OH group on the sugar

17
Q

what is the basic unit of a protein?

A

amino acid

18
Q

what are the atoms found in a protein?

A

CHONS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur)

19
Q

what is the purpose of proteins in a cell?

A

provide a vast array of functions in the cell including metabolism, transport, and stimulus response

20
Q

what element plays an important role in the final, three-dimensionial shape of the protein?

A

sulfur

21
Q

what principle did Frederick Griffith’s mouse experiment illustrate and how?

A

“transformation principle” ; combined a rough strain and a heat-killed smooth strain which didn’t kill the mice individually but combined, kill the mice

22
Q

what did Avery, Macleod, and McCarty prove about DNA?

A

transformation cannot occur without DNA; showed this because transformation only occured in the beakers that had not been given deoxyribonuclease

23
Q

what did the Hershey and Chase experiment prove?

A

DNA is the source of genetic material, not protein

genetics (30 decks)

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