lecture 3 Flashcards
intro to molecular genetics
the idea that living organisms tend toward equilibrium with their environment explains what concept?
adaptation
what are the SIX core atoms that comprise the macromolecules of life?
CHONPS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur)
what are the FOUR macromolecules of life?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
what is the basic unit of a carbohydrate?
sugar molecule
what are the atoms found in carbohydrates?
CHO(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
what is the purpose of a carbohydrate in a cell?
provides energy and support
monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and disaccharides are all examples of what?
carbohydrates
what is the basic unit of a lipid?
fatty acid
what are the atoms found in a lipid?
CHO (and sometimes P)
what is the purpose of a lipid in a cell?
provides energy, structure, and cushioning to the cell; prevents loss of heat
what is the basic unit of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
what are the THREE components of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
what are the TWO types of nucleic acids?
deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA)
what are the atoms found in nucleic acids?
CHONP(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)
what is the purpose of nucleic acids in a cell?
directs and controls all cellular activities
what determines whether a nucleic acid is DNA or RNA?
the presence/absence of an -OH group on the sugar
what is the basic unit of a protein?
amino acid
what are the atoms found in a protein?
CHONS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur)
what is the purpose of proteins in a cell?
provide a vast array of functions in the cell including metabolism, transport, and stimulus response
what element plays an important role in the final, three-dimensionial shape of the protein?
sulfur
what principle did Frederick Griffith’s mouse experiment illustrate and how?
“transformation principle” ; combined a rough strain and a heat-killed smooth strain which didn’t kill the mice individually but combined, kill the mice
what did Avery, Macleod, and McCarty prove about DNA?
transformation cannot occur without DNA; showed this because transformation only occured in the beakers that had not been given deoxyribonuclease
what did the Hershey and Chase experiment prove?
DNA is the source of genetic material, not protein
