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207 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is research ethics

A

concerned with ethical conduct and decision making in undertakings intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic investigation

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2
Q

What are the principles of ethical conduct in research

A
  1. scientific merit and integrity
  2. respect for persons
  3. beneficence/concern for welfare
  4. justice
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3
Q

what is the TCPS2

A

Tri-Council Policy Statement 2022

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4
Q

can approvals be obtained retrospectively

A

NO

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5
Q

Draw the wheel of science

A

draw

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6
Q

What are the 3 core principles in the conduct of research

A
  1. respect for persons
  2. concern for welfare
  3. justice
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7
Q

What are the concepts that REBs examine when reviewing studies

A
  1. minimize potential risks to participants
  2. ensure consent is free and informed
  3. ensure scientific merit
  4. ensuring any conflicts of interests have been managed
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8
Q

What are different types of risk

A
  1. physical
  2. psychological
  3. economic
  4. social
  5. legal
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9
Q

What is directly identifying info

A

you know who the person is

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10
Q

What is indirectly identifying info

A

when info is grouped together, you know who the person is

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11
Q

What is coded info

A

you replace the identifying info with study ID in data set but you have a separate list of the study IDs and who they correspond to

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12
Q

What is anonymized info

A

Same as coded but you throw away the master list, and can never link the study IDs back to individuals

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13
Q

What is anonymous info

A

You never collected any identifying info

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14
Q

What is fabrication

A

making up data, methods, or findings

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15
Q

What is falsification

A

Manipulation or omission of data, methods, or findings without appropriate disclosure

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16
Q

What is plagiarism

A

Referring to another researcher’s work without appropriate attribution, referencing, or permission

17
Q

What is the mechanism that is most often used to mitigate risks associated with research

A

informed consent

18
Q

What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity

A

confidentiality = a researcher’s obligation to safeguard and protect a study participant’s personal info

anonymity = when study doesn’t have identifying info

19
Q

What are two ways of conceptualizing health

A
  1. personal trouble
  2. public issue
20
Q

What is a paradigm

A

the assumptive base underlying a particular investigation or enquiry that has been taken

21
Q

What are the two aspects of research philosophy

A

epistemology - nature and definition of knowledge and truth
ontology - nature of reality

22
Q

What are the 3 epistemologies

A
  1. positivist
  2. interpretivist
  3. critical realism
23
Q

what are the 2 ontologies

A
  1. objectivism
  2. constructionism
24
Q

What are the two methodologies

A

quantitative and qualitative

25
Q

What is positivism

A

valid knowledge and truth for scientific process of observation, measurement, generalization

26
Q

What are features of positivist research

A
  • determinism
  • objectivity
  • quantification
  • reliability
  • generalizability
27
Q

What are advantages of positivism

A
  • consistent and relatively concrete outcome measures
  • techniques of randomization and blinding reduce bias
28
Q

What are some critiques of positivist

A
  • many questions can’t use a positivist approach
  • not enough attention to lived experience
  • difficult categorizing life circumstances objectively
  • complete objectivity = fallacy
29
Q

What is interpretivism

A

critique positivism…. knowledge from subjective understanding

30
Q

What are advantages of interpretivism

A
  • less likely to get stuck in conventional ways of thinking
  • create new ideas and categories
  • SUBJECTIVITY AND COMPLEXITY
31
Q

What are critiques of interpretivist

A
  • little consensus on appropriate methods of data collection and analysis
  • must not make unjustified generalizations
  • may adopt convenience sampling that are biased
32
Q

What is critical realism

A

valid knowledge and truth generated by theorizing, rather than measuring or observing
- FOCUS ON THEORIZING
- critique both before

33
Q

What is objectivism

A

study phenomena that exist as external objects

34
Q

What is construction ism

A

researchers study socially constructed objects

207 (12 decks)

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