Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is research ethics
concerned with ethical conduct and decision making in undertakings intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic investigation
What are the principles of ethical conduct in research
- scientific merit and integrity
- respect for persons
- beneficence/concern for welfare
- justice
what is the TCPS2
Tri-Council Policy Statement 2022
can approvals be obtained retrospectively
NO
Draw the wheel of science
draw
What are the 3 core principles in the conduct of research
- respect for persons
- concern for welfare
- justice
What are the concepts that REBs examine when reviewing studies
- minimize potential risks to participants
- ensure consent is free and informed
- ensure scientific merit
- ensuring any conflicts of interests have been managed
What are different types of risk
- physical
- psychological
- economic
- social
- legal
What is directly identifying info
you know who the person is
What is indirectly identifying info
when info is grouped together, you know who the person is
What is coded info
you replace the identifying info with study ID in data set but you have a separate list of the study IDs and who they correspond to
What is anonymized info
Same as coded but you throw away the master list, and can never link the study IDs back to individuals
What is anonymous info
You never collected any identifying info
What is fabrication
making up data, methods, or findings
What is falsification
Manipulation or omission of data, methods, or findings without appropriate disclosure
What is plagiarism
Referring to another researcher’s work without appropriate attribution, referencing, or permission
What is the mechanism that is most often used to mitigate risks associated with research
informed consent
What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity
confidentiality = a researcher’s obligation to safeguard and protect a study participant’s personal info
anonymity = when study doesn’t have identifying info
What are two ways of conceptualizing health
- personal trouble
- public issue
What is a paradigm
the assumptive base underlying a particular investigation or enquiry that has been taken
What are the two aspects of research philosophy
epistemology - nature and definition of knowledge and truth
ontology - nature of reality
What are the 3 epistemologies
- positivist
- interpretivist
- critical realism
what are the 2 ontologies
- objectivism
- constructionism
What are the two methodologies
quantitative and qualitative
What is positivism
valid knowledge and truth for scientific process of observation, measurement, generalization
What are features of positivist research
- determinism
- objectivity
- quantification
- reliability
- generalizability
What are advantages of positivism
- consistent and relatively concrete outcome measures
- techniques of randomization and blinding reduce bias
What are some critiques of positivist
- many questions can’t use a positivist approach
- not enough attention to lived experience
- difficult categorizing life circumstances objectively
- complete objectivity = fallacy
What is interpretivism
critique positivism…. knowledge from subjective understanding
What are advantages of interpretivism
- less likely to get stuck in conventional ways of thinking
- create new ideas and categories
- SUBJECTIVITY AND COMPLEXITY
What are critiques of interpretivist
- little consensus on appropriate methods of data collection and analysis
- must not make unjustified generalizations
- may adopt convenience sampling that are biased
What is critical realism
valid knowledge and truth generated by theorizing, rather than measuring or observing
- FOCUS ON THEORIZING
- critique both before
What is objectivism
study phenomena that exist as external objects
What is construction ism
researchers study socially constructed objects
