Lecture 2b Eukaryotic cell

Question 1

Nuclear envelope

Answer 1

composed of two lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus

Question 2

Nuclear Pore Complex

Answer 2

Protein-lined channels regulating molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Structure within the nucleus involved in ribosome assembly

Question 4

Nuclear Lamina

Answer 4

A network of proteins providing structural support to the nuclear envelope.

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

DNA-protein complex that forms chromosomes; responsible for gene expression and regulation.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Structure: Composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins; consists of a large and a small subunit.
Function: Sites of protein synthesis, located either freely in the cytosol (free ribosomes) or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (bound ribosomes).

Question 7

Endomembrane System

Answer 7

Components: Includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane.
Function: Responsible for synthesizing, modifying, and transporting proteins and lipids.

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Types:
Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; involved in protein modification, folding, and membrane production.
Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; functions in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification.
Membrane Continuity: The ER is continuous with the nuclear envelope and plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and organelle interactions.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Acts as the genetic library and site for ribosome assembly.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Serve as protein factories, decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins

Question 11

Endomembrane System summary

Answer 11

Facilitates the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular products, ensuring efficient cellular function and organization.