Bio 120 lab 1 and 2

Question 1

How do you calculate the actual size of a microscopic organism and what do you need to know

Answer 1

i, the diameter of field of view for your chosen objective lense
ii, the number of times the cell or organism can fit across the field of view

Question 2

for objective lense 4x what is the actual diameter field of view

Answer 2

4.40mm

Question 3

for objective lense 10x what is the actual field of view

Answer 3

1.75mm

Question 4

for the objective lense 40x what is the actual field of view

Answer 4

0.44 mm

Question 5

what pollution index indicates that the genus has a high tolerance

Answer 5

pollution index 5

Question 6

what is frequency

Answer 6

is the proportion of one thing to the total population

Question 7

fluoresence microscopy

Answer 7

fulorescent molecules absorb one particular wave length of light and emitt some of that absorbed light at another wave length

Question 8

confocal laser scanning microscopy

Answer 8

sub type of fluoresence, focuses a laser light on to a very thin plane

Question 9

Electron microscopy

Answer 9

work similar to light microscopes except the image is produced by a bean of high velocity electrons, these are useful for examining small objects such as the internal structure of a cell

Question 10

what are the two types of electron microscopes

Answer 10

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 11

List the four basic features of all living cells

Answer 11

• plasma membrane
  -cytoplasm
  -DNA
  -Ribosomes

Question 12

prokaryotic organisms include both _______ and __________

Answer 12

Bacteria, Archaea

Question 13

prokaryotes have a _____ _________ made of polysaccharides and amino acids and typically have one circular chromosome in their _________ region

Answer 13

cell wall, nucleod

Question 14

some bacterial cells have a gelatinous outer covering called a _______ what is the function of this structure?

Answer 14

capsule, the functions include protecting the bacteria from phagocytosis by immune cells, helping the bacteria adhere to surfaces, and providing additional resistance to desiccation and antibiotics.

Question 15

other bacteria use rotating _______ for locomotion

Answer 15

flagella

Question 16

eukaryotes include four groups of organisms

Answer 16

1. Animals
   2.Plants
   3.Fungi
   4.Protists

Question 17

What visible structures could you use to differentiate between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Answer 17

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, complex cytoskeleton, and are typically larger in sixe

Question 18

what is resoloution

Answer 18

the ability to detect or distinguish structures that are very close together, not the same as magnification

Question 19

what do you do to maximize the resolution of the microscope

Answer 19

adjust the iris diaphram adjustment lever

Question 20

How to calculate the frequency?

Answer 20

(# of genus/total # of genus)

Question 21

how do you calculate the relative pollution index

Answer 21

the pollution index(given) multipled by the frequency

Question 22

what is a pollution index of 4-5

Answer 22

high organic pollution

Question 23

what is the pollution index form a TPI of 2-4

Answer 23

probable organic pollution

Question 24

what is a pollution index of scores lower then 2

Answer 24

low organic pollution

Question 25

vacuole

Answer 25

a membrane-bound cell organelle easy to spot its like a large bubble

Question 26

cell wall

Answer 26

separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell

Question 27

nucleus

Answer 27

a membrane bound organelle that contains the DNA of the cell the darker small spot slightly off to the side

Question 28

nucleoulous

Answer 28

An area inside the nucleus of a cell that is made up of RNA and proteins and is where ribosomes are made. a little off to the side inside the nucleus

Question 29

why in the examples with the leafs do the not sink in light but do sink in dark

Answer 29

vaccum and filled leaves with sodium bicarbonate sollution
in the presence of light photosynthesis crestes oxygen and fills the spaces and causes them to float

Question 30

what is photosynthesis

Answer 30

the process through which light energy is used to synthesive chemical energy in the form of sugars using water and carbon dioxide

Question 31

what happens when we vaccum the leafs

Answer 31

they lose buyoncy