Lecture 29: Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy of the Muscles

Question 1

Number of skeletal muscles in the body

Answer 1

Nearly 700

Question 2

Function of skeletal muscles

Answer 2

Produce movement and stability; with the bones, they act as levers

Question 3

Functions of levers

Answer 3

They can increase strength, speed, or range of movement. Strength increased, motion range decreased and vice versa.

Question 4

First-class lever

Answer 4

There are only a few. Is the pivot point between force and resistance. Force near pivot point, speed gains; load near pivot point, force is gained.

Question 5

Second-class lever

Answer 5

Also very few. Load is between pivot point and force. Strength increased, range of motion decreased.

Question 6

Third-class lever

Answer 6

Force between pivot point and load. Motion and speed gained, strength decreased. Most muscle groups are third-class levers.

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Near top of organ or muscle

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Away from top of organ/muscle

Question 9

Origin

Answer 9

Muscle is attached to more stationary bone/structure

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

Tendon attached to moving bone/structure

Question 11

Tendon

Answer 11

Dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 12

Tubercule

Answer 12

Thickened area of bone where tendon attaches

Question 13

Belly

Answer 13

Middle portion of muscle

Question 14

Ligament

Answer 14

Attached tissue to bone for stabilization of joints

Question 15

Maximus (or magnus)

Answer 15

Largest of a group

Question 16

Minimus

Answer 16

Smallest of a group

Question 17

Longus

Answer 17

Longest of a group

Question 18

Brevis

Answer 18

Shortest of a group

Question 19

Latissimus

Answer 19

Widest of a group

Question 20

Trapezius

Answer 20

Shaped like a trapazoid

Question 21

Deltoid

Answer 21

Triangular

Question 22

Serratus

Answer 22

Saw-toothed

Question 23

Platysma

Answer 23

Flat

Question 24

Rectus

Answer 24

Parallel to body midline

Question 25

Oblique

Answer 25

Diagonal

Question 26

Tranverse

Answer 26

Perpendicular to body midline

Question 27

Flexor

Answer 27

Angle decreases at a joint

Question 28

Extensor

Answer 28

Angle increases at a joint

Question 29

Pronator

Answer 29

Turns downward or backward

Question 30

Supinator

Answer 30

Turns upward or anterior

Question 31

Levator

Answer 31

Lifts upward

Question 32

Depressor

Answer 32

Pushes or moves downward

Question 33

Abductor

Answer 33

Moves bone away from midline

Question 34

Adductor

Answer 34

Moves bone toward midline

Question 35

Tensor

Answer 35

Makes rigid

Question 36

Sphincter

Answer 36

Closes an opening

Question 37

Rotator

Answer 37

Muscle that produces a circular movement around a joint

Question 38

Biceps

Answer 38

Two origins

Question 39

Triceps

Answer 39

Three origins

Question 40

Quadriceps

Answer 40

Four origins

Question 41

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 41

Comes from sternum and clavicle; goes into the mastoid bone

Question 42

Risorius

Answer 42

laughing

Question 43

Masseter

Answer 43

Chewing

Question 44

Temporalis

Answer 44

Located on the temporal bone

Question 45

Zygomaticus

Answer 45

Located on the zygoma

Question 46

Sartorius

Answer 46

Located in thigh and knee

Question 47

Fascia

Answer 47

Surrounds most skeletal muscles; holds major muscle fibers together in a group; supports nerves, vessels, and lymphatic channels.

Question 48

Aponeurosis

Answer 48

Spread out broadly to attach to skin, fascia, and other muscles; tendon-like structure

Question 49

Cage of tendons from the thigh to leg

Answer 49

Protects knee from damage and instability. Damage requires physical therapy.

Question 50

Sciatic nerve

Answer 50

Largest nerve; runs under buttocks and into leg; does not need to be stretched, will damage.