Lecture 28

Question 1

Name the (4) types of streptococci

Answer 1

group A
group B
pneumoncoccal
other opportunistic

Question 2

What major bacteria can be found in group A strep?

Answer 2

strep. pyogenes

Question 3

Name the (6) diseases caused by Group A [strep. pyogenes] bacteria

Answer 3

streptococcal pharyngitis
scarlet fever (scarlatina)
puerperal sepsis
late non-suppurative sequelae
pyogerma impetigo
necrotizing fascitis

Question 4

Describe streptococcal pharyngitis

[disease, transmission, incubation, symptoms]

Answer 4

strep throat
spread by droplets
incubation is 1-3 days
symptoms are:
fever
swollen (edema) throat and tonsils
pus (purulent)
cervical lymph nodes
rhinitis & sinitis (runny, drippy nose)

Question 5

Describe Scarlet fever

[cause, symptoms, prevention]

Answer 5

aka scarlatina
begins as streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
strains with erythrogenic toxin make the infection scarlet fever
symptoms are fever, rash, desquamation (peeling skin)
prevention involves milk pasteurization

Question 6

What are (4) some complications of scarlet fever?

Answer 6

Mastoiditis- infection behind ear from improper nose blowing
nephritis- kidney infection
otitis media- middle ear infection (can lead to deafness)
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome- multiple organ failure

Question 7

What does non suppurative mean?

Answer 7

no pus is formed

Question 8

What does sequelae mean?

Answer 8

consequence

Question 9

Name the (2) types of late non-suppurative sequelae

Answer 9

rheumatic fever

glomerulo-nephritis (reading assignment)

Question 10

What leads to late non-suppurative sequelae?

Answer 10

matter if strep throat or scarlet fever, organism dies and leaves protein behind, the body produces antibodies against the proteins causing a hypersensitivity reaction

Question 11

Describe rheumatic fever

Answer 11

occurs in 3% of individuals
symptoms are fever, polyarthritis, heart damage
heart damage because antibodies damage the valves in the heart (mitral valves) leads to aschoff bodies (nodules)
use prophylactics to prevent heart damage:
benzathine pennicilin G

Question 12

What does pyoderma impetigo cause?

Answer 12

crusty sores around mouth

Question 13

What does necrotizing fascitits cause?

Answer 13

flesh eating disease

causes rotting flesh

Question 14

What is the treatment for a strep pyogenes infection?

Answer 14

penicillin G

Question 15

What is the main bacteria in streptococci group b?

Answer 15

strep agalactiae

Question 16

Describe strep agalactiae

[what it causes, morbidity, predisposing factors, treatment, prevention]

Answer 16

causes life threatening diseases in newborns
morbidity is 4% of all births
predisposing factor is being a preemie
treatment is penicillin G
prevention is having a c-section

Question 17

Describe the early onset form of strep agalactiae

[symptoms, mortality, period of incubation]

Answer 17

baby is sick within a few days of birth
symptoms are pneumonia and septicemia
50-80% mortality without treatment

Question 18

Describe the late onset form of strep agalactiae

[period of incubation, symptoms, causes]

Answer 18

baby is sick within a few weeks after birth
symptoms are meningitis
causes mental retardation, blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy

Question 19

What does strep pneumo cause? (3)

Answer 19

pneumonia
menigitis
otitis media

Question 20

Name the predisposing factors for pneumonia and prevention

Answer 20

living in a nursing home or hospital

prevent it with PPV23 penumococcal vaccine

Question 21

Name and place in order the top 3 causes of meningitis

Answer 21

1. streptococcus penumonia
2. Neisseria meningitidis (the one we vaccinate against)
3. hemophilis influenzae

Question 22

How do you treat a strep pneumo infection?

Answer 22

penicillin G or V (if susceptable or intermediate)

if it is resistant use vancomycin and ceftriaxone or ceftaxime

Question 23

Describe strep minitor

Answer 23

found in oral cavity (can get at the dentist)
causes endocarditis (damage to heart/valves)

Question 24

Describe strep mutans

Answer 24

lesser cause of endocarditis

causes dental cavities (turns sugar into acid)

Question 25

Describe entercoccus faecalis

Answer 25

fond in GI tract
more resistant to vancomycin
can cause endocarditis and UTIs