Lecture 24 Flashcards
Defense mechanisms against disease II
Name and describe the (2) types of macrophages
wandering- stay and circulate in blood until a disease is encountered
fixed- histocytes, go into the tissues
What are easinophils?
- 1-3% of white blood cell count
- produce toxins against large parasites
Lymphopenia
- decrease in lymphocytes
- a characteristic of AIDS
What are the (5) cardinal signs of inflammation?
- redness
- swelling (edema)
- heat
- pain
- loss of normal function
What are the (3) fluids involved with swelling?
- serous- to dilute the toxin
- purulent- causing pus (full of white blood cells)
- fibinogen- makes the clot
enzyme which breaks down NAG and NAM bonds in murein
lysozyme
What are basophils?
- have histamines and heparin in granules
- involved in inflammation
- found in mucous connective tissues
Name the (5) anti-microbial substances that act as defense mechanisms against disease
- complement
- interferons
- lactoferrin & transferrin
- lysozyme
leukocytosis
increase in white blood cells
What does interferon type I alpha do?
activates the lymphocytes
What are leukocytes? Name the 2 kinds
White blood cells
granulocytes and agranulocytes
In which of the cardinal signs of inflammation do histamines play a role?
All of them! :)
- redness (increased blood flow from dialated blood vessels)
- swelling/edema (fluids go from the dilated blood vessels into the tissues)
- heat (increased blood flow)
- pain (from swelling)
- loss of normal function (from pain)
What does interferon type I beta do?
matures the B and T lymphocytes
iron binding proteins that hold iron in solution
lacroferrin and transoferrin
What does interferon type II gamma do?
activates macrophages so they can be phagocytic
neutrophilia
increase in neutrophils
occurs with pyogenic (pus) producing bacterial infections
What are neutrophils?
55-90% of white blood cell count
do most of the phagocytozing
make up majority of pus
What are histamines and heparin?
- histamines- increase the diameter of blood vessels (basal dialators)
- heparin- anti-coagulant
Eosinophilia
increase in eosinophils due to fungal or helminthes infection
increase in neutrophils
occurs with pyogenic (pus) producing bacterial infections
neutrophilia
What are lymphocytes? Name the kinds
20-30% of white blood cells
B lymphocytes- blood immunity (production of antibodies)
T lymphocytes- cell mediated immunity (amount of antibodies)
suppress the expression of some cancer genes
interferons
decrease in lymphocytes
a characteristic of AIDS
Lymphopenia
interferons
suppress the expression of some cancer genes
the kinds are type I, type II, type III
