Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOC192 > Lecture 26: VITAMINS AND MINERALS > Flashcards

Lecture 26: VITAMINS AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

How can we know if we get enough vitamins and minerals from the food we eat?

A

Clinical examination, anthropometry, biochemical tests or dietary assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is involved in clinical examination?

A

Looking for symptoms - hair, skin, eyes, energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is involved in anthropometry?

A

Energy balance/growth - height, weight, BMI, % body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in biochemical tests?

A

Blood, urine, hair sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is involved in a dietary assessment?

A
  • Measure what you eat (diary, recall, questionnaire, history)
  • Convert foods into nutrients (food composition database)
  • Compare with nutrient reference values
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may be sampled?

A

Individuals, groups or national (NZ adult nutrition survey 08/09)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Essential, individual, organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do vitamins provide energy?

A

No, not when broken down but they do help in metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if vitamins are absent or low in diet?

A

Symptoms of deficiency may appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much vitamins are required in the diet?

A

Small amount (milligrams or micrograms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The amount absorbed and used which is different for different vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

C, B vitamins (x8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What vitamins do we need more of?

A

Water soluble because the fat soluble vitamins are stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is fortification?

A

Addition of vitamins to other food in order to increase intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does the NZ diet have enough of all vitamins?

A

Typically yes for all vitamins except vitamins D as it isn’t fortified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are vitamins and minerals important for?

A

Acting as cofactors and coenzymes

18
Q

What is other roles of vitamins and minerals?

A

Structural, antioxidants, DNA/RNA

19
Q

What doe B vitamins do?

A

Act as coenzymes in metabolic processes which provide energy

20
Q

What is niacin?

A

Vitamin B3 = nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

21
Q

What are the sources of niacin in the diet?

A

Meats, liver, milk, fish, legumes, wheat

22
Q

What is the function of niacin?

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD and NADP)

23
Q

How many enzymes depend on NAD and NADP?

A

Over 200 to carry out oxidation and reduction reactions

24
Q

What is NAD and NADP involved in?

A

Synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids

25
What is niacin deficiency?
Pallegra (dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, death)
26
What are minerals?
Essential, non-organic elements
27
Do minerals provide energy?
No
28
What happens if minerals are absent or low in the diet?
Symptoms of deficiency may appear
29
How much minerals are required in the diet?
Small amounts (milligrams or micrograms)
30
What mineral has high bioavailability?
Iron for use in haem group of haemoglobin
31
What minerals do the NZ diet lack?
Calcium (especially in women) and selenium is thought to be low because of low levels in soil but isn't too much of a problem. All others are adequate
32
What is the role of minerals?
Cofactors (transfer of electrons in oxidation reduction reactions)
33
What are other roles of minerals?
Structural role (hydroxyapatite crystal: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), key constituent of molecules, nerve impulse and muscle contraction, fluid and electrolyte balance
34
What are the roles of individual minerals?
They have multiple
35
What are the roles of individual trace elements?
Some have multiple roles but molybdenum, iodine and fluoride have specific
36
What is the role of molybdenum?
Cofactor for enzymes
37
What is the role of iodine?
Thyroid hormones
38
What is the role of fluoride?
Dental caries
39
What is magnesium a cofactor for?
More than 300 enzymes in a myriad of cellular processes- chelates to ATP (kinases), enzymes requiring water acts as a carrier, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, glucose homeostasis, insulin action)
40
What are functions of magnesium?
Stabilises proteins, nucleic acids and membranes, an electrolyte, bone metabolism and remodelling, nerve impulse and muscle contraction

BIOC192 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions