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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Psoas major/minor, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum

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2
Q

Abdominal Aorta of Posterior Abdominal Wall (PAW)

A

Extends from aortic hiatus at level of T12 to bifurcation into common iliacs over body of L4; 3 unpaired branches (celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric artery); 3 paired visceral branches (middle suprarenal, renal, and gonadal arteries); 5 paired somatic branches (inferior phrenic and 4 pairs of lumbar segmental arteries); 3 terminal branches (one unpaired)

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3
Q

Celiac Trunk of Posterior Abdominal Wall (PAW)

A

Related to celiac ganglia and celiac plexus; terminal branches are the splenic, left gastric, and common hepatic arteries

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4
Q

Splenic Artery of PAW

A

Largest branch of celiac trunk; supplies pancreas and greater curvature of stomach; branches into 6 short gastric arteries and 6 splenic arteries, as well as left gastroepiploic artery, which travels along the greater curvature of stomach and enters spleen at splenic hilum

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5
Q

Left Gastric Artery of PAW

A

Smallest branch of celiac trunk; travels in lesser omentum; anastomoses with right gastric from hepatic artery; supplies lesser curvature of stomach and inferior esophagus

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6
Q

Common Hepatic Artery of PAW

A

Supplies stomach, liver, and gall bladder

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7
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Right hepatic, left hepatic, cystic, right gastric, and gastroduodenal arteries

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8
Q

Right Gastric Artery

A

Travels along lesser curvature of the stomach

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9
Q

Gastroduodenal Artery

A

Right gastroepiploic travels along greater curvature of the stomach; superior pancreaticoduodenal travels along head of pancreas and supplies duodenum and pancreas

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10
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery of PAW

A

Related to paired superior mesenteric ganglia and plexus; supplies most of duodenum and intestine to left colic flexure; also contains jejunal and ileal arteries, inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery that joins superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, middle colic artery that supplies transverse colon (arcades, vasa recta, and windows), right colic artery that supplies ascending colon, and ileocolic artery that is a terminal branch and supplies ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon

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11
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery of PAW

A

Supplies intestine beginning with left colic flexure to upper half of anal canal

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12
Q

Left Colic Branch of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

Supplies descending colon, marginal artery; arcades, vasa recta, and windows

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13
Q

Sigmoid Arteries of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

Usually 2-3; supply descending and sigmoid colon; arcades, vasa recta, and windows

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14
Q

Superior Renal Artery of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

Terminal branch; supplies proximal rectum

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15
Q

Branches of Superior Mesenteric Artery of PAW

A

Jejunal, ileal, superior/inferior pancreaticoduodenal, middle colic, right colic, and ileocolic arteries

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16
Q

Middle Colic Artery of Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

Supplies transverse colon; arcades, vasa recta, and windows)

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17
Q

Right Colic Artery of Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

Supplies ascending colon; arcades, vasa recta, and windows

18
Q

Ileocolic Artery of Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

Terminal branch; supplies ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon; arcades, vasa recta, and windows

19
Q

Paired Lateral Branches of Aorta

A

Suprarenal, inferior phrenic, renal (gives off 5 segmental arteries), testicular/ovarian, and lumbar (4 pairs)

20
Q

Terminal Branches of Aorta

A

External/internal iliacs, median sacral

21
Q

External Iliacs of Aorta

A

Become femoral arteries distal to inguinal ligament; inferior epigastrics (travel in lateral umbilical folds); the deep circumflex iliacs supply iliacus muscle and inferior anterolateral abdominal wall; superficial circumflex and superficial epigastric arteries

22
Q

Inferior Vena Cava of PAW

A

Formed by union of paired common iliac veins; receives veins that correspond to paired arterial branches of the abdominal aorta; internal iliacs drain pelvis; external iliacs are continuations of femoral veins (become external iliacs proximal to inguinal ligament); tributaries from gondal veins that dump into left renal vein, renal veins, suprarenal veins, inferior phrenic veins, and hepatic veins (left, middle, right)

23
Q

Portal System

A

Venous connection between two organs other than the heart; vein connecting two capillary beds; examples include hepatic, hypophyseal, and renal (not in mammals)

24
Q

Tributaries to Portal Vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

25
Q

Superior Mesenteric Vein

A

Middle colic vein (drains transverse colon), right colic vein (drains ascending colon), ileocolic vein (drains ileum, ileocecal junction, cecum, and ascending colon), ileal vein (drains ileum), right gastroepiploic vein (drains right aspect of greater curvature of stomach), and pancreaticoduodenal (drains duodenum and head of pancreas)

26
Q

Splenic Vein

A

Right gastric vein (lesser curvature of stomach), left gastric vein (lesser curvature of stomach), paraumbilical vein (umbilical region)

27
Q

Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-11)

A

Innervate anterior abdominal muscles, overlying skin and peripheral diaphragm; anterior and lateral cutaneous nerves

28
Q

Subcostal Nerve (T12)

A

Inferior external oblique and skin over anterior superior iliac spine and hip

29
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

Ventral rami of L1-3 and most of L4; muscular branches (nerve to quadratus lumborum T12-L3, nerve to psoas major L1-3 and minor L1)

30
Q

Iliohypogastric Nerve

A

Ventral rami of L1; travels lateral to psoas major; innervates lateral buttock and hypogastric region

31
Q

Ilioguinal Nerve

A

Ventral rami of L1; travels lateral to psoas major; innervates skin of groin, scrotum, and labia

32
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve (L1-2)

A

Ventral rami of L1-4; travels through psoas major; divides into genital and femoral branches to scrotum or labia majora

33
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2-3)

A

Ventral rami of L1-4; travels lateral to psoas major

34
Q

Femoral Nerve (L2-4)

A

Ventral rami of L1-4; largest branch of lumbar plexus; travels lateral to psoas major

35
Q

Obturator Nerve (L2-4)

A

Ventral rami of L1-4; travels medial to psoas major to adductor muscles of lower extremity

36
Q

Accessory Obturator Nerve (L3-4)

A

Ventral rami of L1-4; travels medial to psoas major to pectineus muscle

37
Q

Vagus Nerves

A

Provides parasympathetic innervation to abdominal viscera; supplies innervation as far as left colic flexure; branches into esophageal branches (esophageal plexus), gastric branches (anterior/posterior gastric to stomach), gall bladder, and intestinal

38
Q

Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves

A

Sympathetic innervation; visceral branches of T5-12 sympathetic ganglia supply abdominal organs rather than thoracic organs, contain mostly preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers and synapse in prevertebral ganglia; divided into 3 pairs (greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves)

39
Q

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

A

From T5-9; synapses in celiac ganglion (prevertebral, superior to celiac trunk); celiac plexus which is sympathetic to stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys, and suprarenal glands); hepatic plexus is sympathetic to liver

40
Q

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

A

From T10-11; synapses in superior mesenteric ganglion (prevertebral); superior mesenteric plexus is sympathetic to duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum, vermiform, appendix, ascending colon, trasnverse colon, and pancreas

41
Q

Least Splanchnic Nerve

A

From T12; synapses in aorticorenal ganglion (prevertebral); sympathetic to kidneys, suprarenal glands

42
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves

A

Branches of 4 lumbar sympathetic ganglia; continuous with thoracic sympathetic trunk; sympathetic and paravertebral; contain mostly preganglionic fibers that synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglia (sympathetic to descending colon and sigmoid colon) and superior hypogastric plexus to uterine tubes in females

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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