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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior Border of Abdomen

A

Costal cartilages 7-12, xiphoid process at level of 10th cartilage, level with T10-11; xiphisternal angle is level with body of T10

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2
Q

Inferior Border of Abdomen

A

Pubic bone and iliac crest; level of L4

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3
Q

Umbilicus

A

Level of IV disc L3-4

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4
Q

Linea Alba

A

Located along the midline; known as connective tissue raphe; extends from xiphoid to pubic symphysis; lies between paired rectus abdominus muscles; fusion of aponeuroses of transversus abdominus, internal/external oblique

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5
Q

Linea Semilunaris

A

Scalloped lateral border on each side of rectus abdominis; crosses costal margin near tip of 9th costal cartilage

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6
Q

Linea Transversa

A

Tendinous bands of rectus abdominis; one pair just below xiphoid process, one pair intersecting umbilicus, and one pair halfway between other 2 pairs; creates a six pack

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7
Q

Quadrants

A

Formed by 2 intersecting lines that intersect at umbilicus; upper left/right and lower left/right

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8
Q

Regions

A

Divided into 9 regions by 2 pairs of planes; vertical planes (left/right lateral planes or midclavicular planes) and horizontal planes (transpyloric plane midway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis between xiphoid and umbilicus and intertubercular plane through tubercles of iliac crests at level of L5)

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9
Q

Regions 1 and 2

A

Right and left hypochondriac regions; contain liver; upper right/left

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10
Q

Region 3

A

Contains liver, stomach, pancreas; upper middle

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11
Q

Regions 4 and 5

A

Right and left lateral (lumbar); right contains ascending colon and left contains descending colon; middle right/left

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12
Q

Region 6

A

Umbilical; contains small intestine and transverse colon; middle middle

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13
Q

Region 7 and 8

A

Right and left inguinal; right contains ileocecal junction and appendix and left contains sigmoid colon; lower right/left

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14
Q

Region 9

A

Hypogastric; contains small intestine, urinary bladder, pregnant uterus; lower middle

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15
Q

Cutaneous Nerves of Abdomen

A

Derived from ventral rami of T7-L1; pass inferiorly and medially in plane between transverse and internal oblique muscles; motor innervation to abdominal muscles; cutaneous innervation (lateral cutaneous branches and anterior cutaneous branches that form the penetrate rectus sheath)

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16
Q

Thoracoabdominal Nerves

A

Ventral rami of T7-T11; T7 to dermatome over xiphoid process, T10 at level of umbilicus, L1 just above pubic symphysis; form subcostal nerve; ventral ramus of L1 gives rise to iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

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17
Q

Superficial Subcutaneous Fascia

A

Camper’s fascia, continuous with fascia over thorax and thigh; fatty layer

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18
Q

Deep Superficial Subcutaneous Fascia

A

Scarpa’s fascia; membranous layer that continues into perineum as superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s Fascia)

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19
Q

Deep Cutaneous Fascia

A

Thin layer covering anterior surface of abdominal muscles

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20
Q

Transversalis Fascis

A

Deep to transversus abdominis; fibroelastic CT with adipose tissue (extraperitoneal connective tissue)

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21
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane; also known as parietal peritoneum

22
Q

Arterial Supply Above Umbilicus

A

Posterior intercostal arteries 10-11, subcostal artery, lumbar arteries 1-4, and terminal branches of internal thoracic arteries (musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries)

23
Q

Arterial Supply Below Umbilicus

A

Branches of external iliac arteries (deep epigastric and deep circumflex arteries) and branches of femoral arteries (superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, and superficial external pundendal arteries)

24
Q

Where do the superficial arteries of the abdomen arise from?

A

From femoral artery

25
Q

Where do the deep arteries of the abdomen branch from?

A

Branch of external iliac artery

26
Q

Venous Drainage of Abdomen

A

Deep veins are paired with arteries; superficial veins above the umbilicus drain into the internal thoracic veins; superficial veins below the umbilicus drain into the femoral veins via the greater saphenous and external iliac veins and drain into external iliac veins via the inferior epigastric veins

27
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Abdomen

A

Above the umbilicus drain into axillary and sternal nodes; below the umbilicus drain into superficial inguinal nodes

28
Q

Superior Epigastric Artery of Anterior Abdominal Wall

A

Terminal branch of internal thoracic, descends in rectus sheath posterior to muscle, and anastomoses with inferior epigastric

29
Q

Inferior Epigastric Artery of Anterior Abdominal Wall

A

Arises from external iliac artery, enters rectus sheath at arcuate line, and branches into cremasteric and pubic arteries

30
Q

Muscle Layers (Muscles and Innervation)

A

Three anterolateral sheets (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus) and a vertically oriented pair on either side of the midline (rectus abdomins); innervated by lower intercostal spinal, subcostal spinal, and first lumbar spinal nerve)

31
Q

Arcuate Line

A

Lower free edge of posterior lamina; lies midway between umbilicus and pubis

32
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Thickened lower border of deep fascia of external oblique; from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

33
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

Connective tissue covering rectus abdominis muscles; formed from aponeurosis of internal obliques; splits to enclose rectus abdominis in the upper three-fourths of the wall; only covers the anterior surface of the rectus in the lower part of the abdomen

34
Q

External Oblique

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. External surfaces of ribs 5-12
  2. Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
  3. Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk
  4. T7-11; subcostal nerve
35
Q

Internal Oblique

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral 1/2 of iliac ligament
  2. Linea alba, pubic crest, and pubis
  3. Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk
  4. T7-11; subcostal nerve; L1
36
Q

Transversus Abdominis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Internal surfaces of costal cartilages 7-12; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; lateral inguinal ligament
  2. Linea alba, pubic crest, and pubis
  3. Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
  4. T7-11; subcostal nerve; L1
37
Q

Rectus Abdominus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Pubic symphysis and pubic crest
  2. Xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
  3. Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes trunk
  4. T7-11; subcostal nerve
38
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

Oblique passage through lower abdominal wall; site of potential weakness; transmits spermatic cord in males and round ligament of uterus in females; extends between superficial and deep inguinal rings

39
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring

A

Triangular defect in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle layer; superficial opening of the inguinal canal; lies above and lateral to pubic tubercle; larger in males; transmits spermatic cord in males and round ligament of uterus in females

40
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Thickened lower border of external oblique aponeurosis; from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

41
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring

A

Opening of the evagination of the transversalis fascia; lies above inguinal ligament midway between anterior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

42
Q

Inguinal Canal in Males (Spermatic Cord)

A

Vas deferens; ilioinguinal nerve; genital branch of genitofemoral nerve; testicular arteries and veins (form pampiniform plexus); lymph vessels; cremaster muscle

43
Q

Inguinal Canal in Females

A

Ilioguinal nerve, round ligament, and lymph vessels

44
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A

Occurs in older men (rarely women), due to weakness in abdominal wall behind or lateral to superficial inguinal ring; passes directly through abdominal wall to superficial inguinal ring; does not extend into scrotum; has sac formed by peritoneum

45
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

Transverses deep and superficial inguinal rings and inguinal canal; lies within coverings of spermatic cord; may descend into scrotum; more common than direct inguinal hernia; more common in boys and young men; may be congenital

46
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

Occurs within femoral canal; more common in females

47
Q

Umbilical Hernia

A

Occurs at site where umbilical cord penetrates between muscles and fascia of anterior wall

48
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A

Midline peritoneal fold on inner abdominal wall above bladder; contains median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus)

49
Q

Medial Umbilical Folds

A

Paired peritoneal folds on either side of median fold; contain medial umbilical ligaments (remnants of umbilical arteries)

50
Q

Lateral Umbilical Folds

A

Paired peritoneal folds lateral to medial folds; contain inferior epigastric vessels from deep inguinal to arcuate line

51
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

Double layer of peritoneum; attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and to inferior surface of diaphragm; contains ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of liver) (remnant of left umbilical vein)

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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