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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

Protect the spinal cord and transfer loads from the head, trunk, and upper limb to the pelvis

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2
Q

How long is the vertebral column?

A

28 inches

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in each region of the vertebral column?

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 3 to 4
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4
Q

Where is the cervicothoracic junction located?

A

C7

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5
Q

Where is the scapular spine located?

A

T3

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6
Q

Where is the inferior scapular angle located?

A

T7

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7
Q

Where is the 12th rib located?

A

T12

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8
Q

Where is the iliac crest located?

A

L4

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9
Q

What arteries are found in the cervical region?

A

Vertebral and cervical arteries

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10
Q

What arteries are found in the thoracic region?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

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11
Q

What arteries are found in the lumbar region?

A

Subcostal and lumbar arteries

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12
Q

What arteries are found in the sacral region?

A

Iliolumbar and medial/lateral sacral arteries

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13
Q

Primary Curvatures

A

Present at birth, convex posteriorly

Examples: Thoracic, Sacral
Exaggeration: Kyphosis

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14
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

Acquired later, concave posteriorly

Examples: Cervical, Lumbar
Exaggeration: Lordosis

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15
Q

Pedicles

A

Attach arch on each individual vertebrae to the body of that vertebrae

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16
Q

Laminae

A

Roof of vertebral canal

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17
Q

Lever-like Processes

A

Spinous process and transverse processes

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18
Q

Costal Facets

A

Facets located on transverse processes

19
Q

Costal Demifacets and Facets

A

Located on vertebral bodies

20
Q

What is the purpose of transverse foraminae?

A

Passageway for arteries

21
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

Have transverse foraminae, oblique articular facets, C2-6 usually bifid, C7 (vertebra prominens), C1 (Atlas), C2 (Axis)

22
Q

Thoracic Vertabrae

A

Have ribs attached; bicipital ribs attached to centrum and to transverse process; centrum (body) is heart shaped, articular facets more horizontal, spinous processes longer and narrower

23
Q

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

A

Has superior costal demifacets for articulation with head of own rib, inferior demifacets for articulation with head of inferior rib

Costal facets for tubercle of rib on transverse process for own rib

24
Q

Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae

A

T1: Complete costal demifacet for rib, inferior costal demifacet on body for rib 2

T10: Complete costal facet on pedicel and body, may have costal facet on transverse process

T11-12: Costal facet on each pedicle, no costal facets on transverse processes

25
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Large, bulky centrum; broad spinous processes, no rib articulations, articular facets are sagittal, mamillary processes on back rim of each superior articular process, origins for multifidi

26
Q

Sacral Vertebrae

A

Consists of 5 fused vertebrae; wing-like processes of each vertebra called “Alae” for attachment to ilium; lip of body of first sacral vertebra is called the sacral promontory; posterior crests (median, articular, lateral crests); have sacral hiatus

27
Q

Median Crests of Sacral Vertebrae

A

Fused spinous processes

28
Q

Intermediate Crests of Sacral Vertebrae

A

Fused articular processes

29
Q

Lateral Crests of Sacral Vertebrae

A

Fused transverse processes

30
Q

Which region is primarily responsible for flexion and extension of the body?

A

Lumbar region

31
Q

Which region is responsible for rotation of the head and neck?

A

Cervical region

32
Q

Which region is responsible for rotation of the upper trunk?

A

Thoracic region

33
Q

Discs (Symphysis)

A

20-30% of length of the column, thicker in cervical and lumbar regions (greater flexibility), thinner in thoracic region (reduced flexibility)

Structure: Annulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage) and Nucleus pulposus (avascular)

34
Q

Intervertebral Articulations

A

Synovial, plane joints with no joint capsules; between superior and inferior articulating facets (direction of motion determined by orientation of facets); sacroiliac (part of synovial and part fibrous)

35
Q

Motion Segment

A

Functional unit of the spine; consists of:

2 vertebrae, intervening soft tissue, anterior segment (2 bodies, disc, longitudinal ligaments), posterior segment (2 neural arches, apophyseal joints, intervening ligaments)

36
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments

A

Limits extension, reinforces anterior annulus fibers

37
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments

A

Limits flexion, reinforces posterior annulus fibers

38
Q

Supra-Spinous Ligaments

A

Make up ligamentum nuchae

39
Q

Inter-Spinous Ligaments

A

Limits flexion, base of one spinous process to next spinous process

40
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Limits flexion, extends from lamina to lamina, forms part of roof of vertebral column

41
Q

Inter-Transverse Ligaments

A

Mostly in lumbar region

42
Q

Pars Interarticularis

A

Located between inferior and superior articular facets, between lamina and pedicles of vertebrae; fractures at this point associated with spondylolysis; radiographic image looks like a “Scottie Dog”, with the pars fracture indicated representing the dog’s collar

43
Q

Spondyloisthesis

A

Anterior/ventral displacement of one vertebra on adjacent vertebra; common progression from spondylolysis, but can also be congenital

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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