Lecture 24 + 25 Immunological diseases I

Question 1

When is a disease autoimmune?

Answer 1

1) Has to be an autoimmune reaction
2) Evidence that it is not secondary to tissue damage.
3) Absence of other well defined causes of disease
4) Autoimmune animals model of disease.

Question 2

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions:

Answer 2

1) immediate: Mast cells, vasodilation vascular leakage

2) Delayed reaction: Influx of phagocytes and CD4 T-cells.

Question 3

What is atopic syndrome?

Answer 3

Allergic reaction.

Question 4

Name the criteria for Lupus erythematosus:

Answer 4

1) malar rash
2) discoid rash
3) photosensitivity
4) Arthritis
5) Serositis
6) Antinuclear antibody

Question 5

What is molecular mimicry?

Answer 5

When one antigen resembles another one so antibodies against the first antigen is also against the second one.

Question 6

What is the reason behind drug induced SLE?

Answer 6

Molecular mimicry.

Question 7

Which type of hypersensitivity leads to Granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 7

Type 4.

Question 8

What leads to tolerance?

Answer 8

1) central = negative selection of autoreactive cells.

2) Peripheral = Anergy, Tregs, Activation induced cell death,

Question 9

How does epigenetic changes affect the T-cell subset?

Answer 9

Th1 and Th2 can be induced on account of the epigenetic changes.

Question 10

Give examples of diseases with type I hypersensitivity:

Answer 10

Allergy

Question 11

Give examples of diseases with type II hypersensitivity:

Answer 11

Graves, Myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris (antibody dependent desmosome degredation in skin), 
Goodpasture syndrome (antibodies against collagen IV)

Question 12

Give examples of diseases with type III hypersensitivity:

Answer 12

SLE,

Question 13

Give examples of diseases with type IV hypersensitivity:

Answer 13

Type 1 diabetes, Multiple sclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis.