Lecture 18 Neurological diseases I

Question 1

Brain developmental disorders - when can it go wrong:

Answer 1

1) Proliferation of the neuronal stem cells and precursors.
2) Migration of neuroblasts.
3) apoptosis of uneeded cells.
4) Maturation of neurons and growing dendrites.

Question 2

Malformations of development:

Answer 2

1) Early = Neuronal tube defects and re-opening of neuronal tube
2) Late development = Brain malformations

Question 3

Neural tube defects:

Answer 3

1) Brain = Craniorachischisis, Anencephaly, encaphelocele

2) Spinal cord = Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele

Question 4

Name some type 1 cortical malformations:

Answer 4

1) Microcephaly
2) Macrocephaly
3) Cortical dysgeneses

Question 5

Name some type 2 cortical malformations:

Answer 5

1) heterotopia (right cells in wrong place)

2) Lissencephaly (no gyri)

Question 6

Name some type 3 cortical malformations:

Answer 6

1) Polymicrogyria

Question 7

What are the major types of brain malformations?

Answer 7

1) Neuronal tube defects
2) Malformations of cortical development
3) Hindbrain malformations
4) Malformations due to acute injury.