Lecture 24

Question 1

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 1

demylination of neurons running in CNS
mylen sheath, affecting conduction velocities
become slower and slower, affecting motor and sensory processes

Question 2

What is the most common type of MS

Answer 2

relapsing remitting MS, where there are peaks of responses as they relapse with more symptoms, then remits for a while

Question 3

___ are frequently reported with MS

Answer 3

balance impairment and falls

Question 4

Balance impairment in progressive MS ____ than in relapsing remitting forms

Answer 4

greater

Question 5

Gait and balance impairment can be detected ____, even in the _____

Answer 5

in the early stages of the disease, absence of clinical signs of pyramidal dysfunction

Question 6

Compared to healthy control subjects, MS patients have ____

Answer 6

larger amplitude sway (eyes open and closed)

Question 7

comparing no falls to falls in patients with MS, __

Answer 7

there is a greater amplitude sway in patients with a history of falls

Question 8

As patients progress to higher levels of symptoms (MS), ____

Answer 8

see larger increases in balance deficits with larger amplitudes of sway and velocity of sway

Question 9

T/F APAs are changed significantly in patients with MS

Answer 9

true

Question 10

APAs in patients with MS are ___

Answer 10

significantly delayed in onset and smaller in amplitude

Question 11

meow meow m meowwww

Answer 11

meow meow m meow meow

Question 12

Cameron et. al., 2008 reviewed postural reactions influenced by MS. What did they see?

Answer 12

significantly delayed onset of the balance correcting response
significant decrease in balance correcting activity amplitude

Question 13

balance correcting responses are/are not cortically driven?

Answer 13

are not

Question 14

balance correcting responses are likely driven by ___

Answer 14

brainstem structures that react to sudden onset of purturbation

Question 15

Compensatory responses influenced by MS are ____

Answer 15

significantly delayed onset of muscle activity

Question 16

Behaviour of step response in patients with MS

Answer 16

respond with an APA prior to step response
not seen in healthy subjects therefore step onset is significantly delayed
much more forward COM displacement as a result

Question 17

cognitive-postural interfererence in MS

Answer 17

conducted multiple dual task tests with varying difficulty
large disruptions in postural control
more attentional demand, dont use a postural first strategy and balance is affected

Question 18

what is CIDP

Answer 18

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
autoimmune, muscle weakness and loss of sensation in arms and legs (distal and proximal)
loss of balance is most bothersome symptom for them

Question 19

what is used for CIDP treatment

Answer 19

intravenous immunoglobulin
improves strength and sensory function

Question 20

___ COP sway parameters in CIDP patients compared to healthy controls

Answer 20

increased

Question 21

_____ COp sway parameters were found to ____ with IVIg treatment

Answer 21

increased, significantly improve
however, treatment is very expensive so crucial to understand benefits

Question 22

while examining apas via gait initiation in CIDP patients_____

Answer 22

apas are significantly smaller, and longer in duration
results in slower and smaller initial steps with CIDP
see that the APA initially goes to stance leg, (incorrect), and then has to shift quickly to swing leg