Lecture 23

Question 1

stroke

Answer 1

related to loss of blood flow
depends on where it occurs
if occurs in motor areas, can see effects in upper motor pathways
spasticity, muscle weakness
widespread damage to motor cortex, hemispheric paralysis, appear opposite side to where stroke occured

Question 2

stroke involving hemi-plegia leads to

Answer 2

assymetric stance

Question 3

with hemi-plegia, weight is shifted up to ___ onto unaffected side (non-paretic)

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

hemi-plegia can result in a ____ in mean COP position

Answer 4

lateral shift

Question 5

Instability ___ with ___ sensory input in those who have suffered a stroke involving hemi-plegia

Answer 5

increases, reduced

Question 6

greater ____ for sitting and standing balance with stroke

Answer 6

attentional load

Question 7

balance correcting responses in paretic leg in comparison to non-paretic leg have

Answer 7

longer onset latencies
reduced in amplitude

Question 8

How is voluntary reaching affected by stroke

Answer 8

small and delayed muscle activity and absence of wrist movement in paretic arm

Question 9

how is reactive reaching affected with stroke

Answer 9

earlier and more robust muscle activity in paretic arm and weak wrist movement

Question 10

Diabetic Neuropathy

Answer 10

Involves loss of sensation
proprioception and cutaneous sensation in the distal limb (hands and feet)

Question 11

Patients with diabetic neuropathy will have ____ amplitudes during quiet stance, particularly during ___

Answer 11

increased, eyes closed conditions

Question 12

IN TERMS OF DYNAMIC BALANCED RESPONSES, patients with distal proprioceptive loss will have ___

Answer 12

decreased amplitude of the balance correcting response, but have similar onset latencies
suggests triggering mechanisms must be happening at more proximal joints

Question 13

patients with diabetic neuropathy have ____ cognitive interference when performing a dual task condition

Answer 13

increased
see greater increases in sway
even in single task, greater sway is seen

Question 14

Sensory neuron disease (ganglionopathy)

Answer 14

damage to cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
all cell bodies for primary afferents seen in ganglion
autoimmune response attacks cell bodies

Question 15

Ganglionopathy see a loss of ___

Answer 15

afferent information
broad loss of sensory information
broad deficits in proprioceptive function and cutaneous sensation

Question 16

during toes down rotation, and toes up rotation, there is ____ in patients with ganglionopathy compared to healthy subjects

Answer 16

delayed timing of the stretch response in soleus, and significant delay in the onset of balance correcting response seen in TA

Question 17

amplitude of responses to dynamic perturbation are _____ in patients with sensory neuron disease

Answer 17

smaller

Question 18

diabetic patients ___ significant delays compared to healthy control subjects on the automatic posture response

Answer 18

dont

Question 19

We see delays in latency wiht ganglionopathy patients and not diabetic patients because ganglionopathy patients have _____

Answer 19

widespread proprioceptive loss, including the more proximal joints
(proximal have more important role in balance responses compared to distal)