Lecture 20: aging

Question 1

Functional reach is ___ with age

Answer 1

significantly reduced

Question 2

one leg stance time is ___ with age

Answer 2

reduced

Question 3

Age related changes in postural sway

Answer 3

increased amplitude
increased frequency/velocity
larger differences with altered sensory environments

Question 4

Differences between young and older adults revealed when ____

Answer 4

proprioception and visual inputs are removed/distorted

Question 5

older adults are___ with altered sensory information compared to young adults in the sensory organization test

Answer 5

COOKED
joking, its more affected

Question 6

older adults had _____ during One knee flexion during stance

Answer 6

slower prime mover onset
slower postural muscle onset

Question 7

In older adults, there is ____ between postural and primary mover muscle

Answer 7

decrease in relative time
(Almost simultaneous for very old)
often leads to a loss of balance in many trials because theyre not able to move the center of mass early enough in time before trigger onset of primary mover

Question 8

Over ____ of falls in eldery caused by ____

Answer 8

80 percent, external postural disturbances

Question 9

older adults had ______ of balance _____

Answer 9

delayed onset latency, correcting responses

Question 10

Older adults had ____ of antagonists and increased ____

Answer 10

co-activation, joint stiffness

Question 11

Older adults experience larger ______, more _____, and longer _____

Answer 11

excursions of COP, oscillations, time to stability

Question 12

Balance correcting muscles are delayed and ___ in older adults

Answer 12

smaller

Question 13

co-contraction leads to ___ and ____

Answer 13

stiffness, opposite direction roll
not good not good, they be falling more, big contributer

Question 14

grasping reactions are ___ in older adults

Answer 14

delayed
muscle onset ~30ms
Handrail contact ~50ms

Question 15

Older adults take ____ on initial response for compensatory stepping to recover balance

Answer 15

multiple steps
(Forward/backward step followed by lateral step)
increased frequency of side step sequence

Question 16

T/F there are differences in the initial step characteristics between young and old adults in compensatory step responses

Answer 16

false, there is no difference
therefore subsequent steps in older adults are due to imbalance on the landing phase

Question 17

Age differences in stepping reactions are greater in _______

Answer 17

support surface perturbations

Question 18

Older adults become more reliant on ___-

Answer 18

visual information

Question 19

____ greater in unstable older adults with larger responses and persistent imbalance following a ____

Answer 19

visual reliance
visual push

Question 20

Threat influence on young and older adults

Answer 20

older adults that reported themselves as more anxious dont have normal stiffening response as seen in sway range

Question 21

Attention required to maintain stability ____ in the elderly, especially with sensory and base-of-support constraints compared to young healthy adults

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

What is the effect of stimulus onset Assynchronies in Ageing

Answer 22

attention requirements for older adults extend until 120s after perturbation, compared to after 20ms in young healthy adults