Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Management of Infection > Lecture 23C - Skin Infections > Flashcards

Lecture 23C - Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of acne vulgaris?

A

blockage of the psilosebaceous unit by propionium bacterium acnes can allow infection and formation of pustules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of acne?

A

if the infection is severe and the hair follicle ruptures, scarring can ensue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does colonisation of the blocked psilosebaceous unit cause?

A

formation of whiteheads, blackheads and pustules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of acne vulgaris?

A

depending on severity

topical benzoyl preoxide

tetracycline might be considered if symptoms are severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two most common bacteria causing skin infection?

A

staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are vesicles?

A

smaller fluid filled blisters the size of a pin head (<0.5m in diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are bullae?

A

larger fluid filled blister-like eruptions around 1cm (>0.5cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is impetigo?

A

bacterial infection in the skin which commonly affects face or extremities following injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can form with impetigo?

A

bullae and/or vesicles can form, very contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causative factors of impetigo?

A

usually caused by S aureus and S pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of impetigo?

A

non-bullous type has pinhead pustules on red skin which erupt to give yellow-brown crust after skin injury (around 70% of cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bullous type of impetigo?

A

has larger blisters which release a clear yellow liquid to leave a golden yellow crust (usually S aureus on intact skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of impetigo?

A

topical treatment with bacitracin or mupirocin
although resistance in some areas

care in playgroups to avoid spreading

often resolves spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes ecthyma?

A

often progresses from untreated impetigo

poor hygiene, poor ventilation of skin, insect bites, immunocompromised conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ecthyma commonly associated with?

A

S pyogenes and S aureus, however other bacterial species can be associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs of ecthyma?

A

infection penetrates to deeper layers of the skin causing the appearance of painful ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of ecthyma?

A

warm compress and antibiotics e.g. dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Folliculitis causes?

A

infection of hair follicles by S aureus

often affects beards, armpits and back of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of folliculitis?

A

red pustules (furuncles) form and eventually rupture in a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment of folliculitis?

A

should be self limiting

topical clindamycin and erythromycin on affected areas if necessary and antibacterial soap

larger abscesses (carbuncles) may need to be surgically drained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes of erysipelas?

A

involved lymphatic vessels

often caused by S pyogenes and cellulitis by S aureus (inc. MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can erysipelas cause?

A

systemic illness if untreated by passing through lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

pain ful, warm, red swelling which forms a well defined plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment of erysipelas?

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of cellulitis?

A

dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is erysipelas also known as?

A

St Anthony’s fire due to red borders round infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens in cellulitis?

A

the infection has penetrated into subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Borders of cellulitis infection?

A

not well defined, much less than erysipelas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What can cellulitis lead to?

A

sepsis, requires antibiotic treatment and consideration of hospital admission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

infection of subcutaneous tissue which can occur after surgery or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis caused by?

A

S pyogenes alone but often involves a mixture of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

starts with war red skin but lesion rapidly expands vertically and horizontally

tissue becomes dark, pustular then necrotic *blackened areas where tissue as died) with gengrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Treatment of nectrozing fasciitis?

A

fatal without prompt treatment

surgical intervention required along with parenteral antibiotics such as gentamicin and clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What happens if the infection becomes gangrenous?

A

no option other than to remove the leg

35
Q

Why do physicians mark out infections sometimes?

A

to make sure it is not progresing

36
Q

What is lupus vulgaris?

A

brown nodules on the face caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

37
Q

Lugus valgaris treatment?

A

requires susceptible antibiotic drug combinations

38
Q

Leprosy?

A

caused by mycobacterium leprae and lepromatosis

39
Q

Symptoms of leprosy?

A

brown nodules, white patches on skin and neuropathy

40
Q

Treatment of leprosy?

A

requires long term antibiotic treatment

41
Q

What is the most common infectious fungus?

A

trychophyton rubrum

42
Q

What do most fungal infections involve?

A

trichyphyton, microsporum and epidermophyton

43
Q

What are the forms of tinea?

A

tinea pedis

tinea cruris

tinea capitis

tinea corporis

tine unguium (onychomycosis)

44
Q

What does tinea pedis cause>

A

athlete’s foot

45
Q

What does tinea cruris cause?

A

jock itch in the groin

46
Q

What does tinea capitis cause?

A

cradle cap in babies - white coating on the skull of babies

47
Q

What does tinea corporis cause?

A

ringworm on the trunk

48
Q

What does tinea unguium cause?

A

infection of nails (60% of people over 80)

49
Q

Treatment of tinea?

A

terbinafine, clotrimazole or econazole

50
Q

What are cutaneous fungal infections given the name?

A

tinea or ringworm

51
Q

How many adults suffer from tinea pedis?

A

70%

split skin can cause opportunity for secondary bacterial superinfections to take place

52
Q

What might be preferred treatment for some types of tinea?

A

systemic antifungals

53
Q

What is tinea versicolor?

A

caused by the widespread yeast malassezia furfur, more common in hot climates

infection of malassezia furfur in the outer layer of the epidermis

54
Q

Symptoms of tinea versicolor?

A

results in lightened or darkened pigmentation in patches of the skin in upper body and limbs

55
Q

Treatment of tinea versicolor?

A

zinc or selenium sulfide shampoo or topical antifungal agents

56
Q

How long can it take for normal pigmentation to return?

A

6 weeks and in this time there can be patches of discoloured skin

57
Q

What is candidiasis caused by?

A

the yeast candida albicans, a normal member of the gut flora and genitourinary tract in humans

58
Q

Symptoms of candidiasis?

A

inflamed and itchy membranes in moist mucous tissues such as mouth, vagina, armpits etc

59
Q

What can candidiasis of the mouth be associated with?

A

an immunocompromised condition or the use of dentures which have not been disinfected properly

60
Q

Treatment of candidiasis?

A

topical antifungals, plus possibility of systemic antifungals such as ketaconazole, fluconazole

61
Q

Herpes simples (1) and cold sores?

A

85% of the population have antibodies to HSV type 1

virus residues in the dorsal ganglia, until reactivated

62
Q

Symptoms of HSV 1?

A

self limiting eruption around mucous membranes of the mouth

63
Q

Treatment of HSV1?

A

aciclovir in a cold cream formulation

but cold sores are usually self limiting

64
Q

Varicella zoster virus?

A

chicken pox and shingles

during chicken pox, virus travels to sensory ganglia where it remains for life

65
Q

Symptoms of varicella virus?

A

pain and paresthesia in an affected dermatome

66
Q

How does the varicella virus erupt in later years?

A

in the band of skin (dermatome) supplied by the nerve ganglion which is harbouring the virus

67
Q

What can shingles cause?

A

pain and a sensation of tingling, itching, numbness or burning in the affected areas

68
Q

Treatment of varicella zoster virus?

A

usually resolves with rest and analgesia, but aciclovir can be used, especially if virus is disseminated

69
Q

What causes warts?

A

the human papilloma virus (HPV)

70
Q

What are warts?

A

benign skin tumours caused by infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV

71
Q

Appearance of warts?

A

dark necrotised blood vessels at the heart of the ward

72
Q

Common (plane) wart?

A

(verucca vulgaris)

affects the hands and face and knees and can spread

73
Q

Plantar wart?

A

verucca plantaris

grows into the skin of the sole of the foot and can cause pain

74
Q

Treatment of warts?

A

will often resolve spontaneously but can be removed by some form of chemical (salicylic acid), cry or surgical ablation

75
Q

What can some strains of warts increase?

A

the risk of cervical cancer, but there is not a vaccine against this (Gardasil)

76
Q

Treatment of warts in children?

A

waiting to see if they go away

77
Q

Molluscum contagiosum?

A

a pox virus transmitted by direct skin contact

78
Q

Symptoms of M contagiosum?

A

hyperplasia

raised pink, pearl like, pus filled lesions with a central depression

79
Q

Treatment of M contagiosum?

A

often resolves spontaneously but can linger in immunocompromised patients (for months or sometimes yeasrs)

80
Q

Treatment of M contagiosum in children?

A

treated conservatively, but broadly similar as for warts with addition of curettage and cantharidin

81
Q

What is a curettage?

A

scooping out the virus and papule with a very tine spoon

82
Q

What is cantharidine?

A

comes from beetles and is a blister agent

83
Q

How can M contagiosum be transmitted?

A

skin contact but can also be sexually transmitted

84
Q

Common parasitic infections?

A

scabies and head lice

Management of Infection (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions