Lecture 13B - Rectal and Parenteral Administration

Question 1

Advantages of suppositories?

Answer 1

good route to administer drug when vomiting

fast systemic response

Question 2

When is use of suppositories indicated?

Answer 2

for drugs inactivated by GI fluids when given orally

for drugs inactivated by the liver after oral administration

Question 3

Disadvantages of suppositories?

Answer 3

patient acceptability (cultural influence)

drug absorption is irregular and difficult to predict

Question 4

Example of drugs used as suppositories?

Answer 4

metronidazole (anaerobic infections, C difficile)

Question 5

What is parenteral administration?

Answer 5

administration by infection

Question 6

What are the types of parenteral administration?

Answer 6

intramuscular and intravenous administrations

Question 7

What is injected IV?

Answer 7

only solutions

Question 8

What must all parenteral products be?

Answer 8

sterile

Question 9

When is parenteral the preferred route?

Answer 9

when rapid absorption is essential (emergency, unconscious patients)

Question 10

What are parenteral administrations generally?

Answer 10

sterile solutions or suspensions of drugs in water

Question 11

What are injections?

Answer 11

sterile solutions, emulsions or suspensions i water or non-aqueous liquid

injected in less than 15 minutes

Question 12

What are infusions?

Answer 12

aqueous solutions

large volumes 100ml-1000ml

injected in more than 15min

Question 13

Example of an infusion?

Answer 13

benzylpenicillin sodium (endocarditis, meningitis)

Question 14

What is a depot preparation?

Answer 14

dispersion of the drug in an oily vehicle to give slow release of the drug

IM injection deep into skeletal muscle

Question 15

Formulation of depot preparation?

Answer 15

viscous formulation, large volume (5mL maximum) injected

need to be injected in large muscle to decrease pain in swelling

Question 16

What do depot preparations give?

Answer 16

slow release of the antibiotic for weeks

Question 17

Example of a depot preparation?

Answer 17

benzathine penicillin G

Question 18

What is benzathine penicillin G used for?

Answer 18

for people who have had acute rheumatic fever (a potential outcome of step pharyngitis) and need prophylaxis against further step infections

Question 19

Powder for suspensions?

Answer 19

disperson of the drug in the oily vehicle lecithen and suspension stabilisers (surfactant polysorbate and polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (Povidone)

powder is redispersed in water for injection

Question 20

Advantages of depot preparations?

Answer 20

long lasting effect - release of the drug for 2-4 weeks

limited number of injections

Question 21

Disadvantages of depot preparation?

Answer 21

negative patient acceptability due to pain

Question 22

How can the pain of depot preparations be reduced?

Answer 22

adding lidocaine to the antibiotic injection

inability to discontinue the medication for weeks in case of adverse effects of the antibiotic