Lecture 23 - Integration V

Question 1

What is an ergogenic aid?

Answer 1

Anything that can be taken to enhance performance

Question 2

What can performance be improved by?

Answer 2

• Increasing the physiological capacity of a particular body system
• Increasing the speed of recovery
• Decreasing the perception of fatigue or increasing motivation and aggression

Question 3

What are examples of mechanical aids? (ergogenic aids)

Answer 3

• Altitude training
• Nasal strips
• Compression garments

Question 4

What are anabolic androgenic steroids?

Answer 4

Derivative testosterone
Increase mucles atrophy - most abused drug due to effectiveness

Question 5

What is cobalt supplementation?

Answer 5

Cobalt supplementation is a PED which increases RBC
– Stabilizes hypoxia inducible factor
– Mimics hypoxia
– Early tests are now available (last year or so)
– Potential carcinogenic effects

Question 6

What are examples of physiological aids? (ergogenic aids)

Answer 6

Acupuncture
Blood doping

Question 7

What are permitted supplements? (ergogenic aids)

Answer 7

Caffeine
Nitrates
Creatine
Other supplements

Question 8

Why is caffeine used as an ergogenic aid?

Answer 8

Studies show increases fat metabolism over glycogen metabolism in endurance athletes

Question 9

Why is nitrate/beetroot juice used as an ergogenic aid?

Answer 9

Increases nitrate concentration (2-3 fold).
Increases nitric oxide
>500mg nitrate 75 min pre exercise improved running speed.
– low to moderately trained athletes
– ?? elite athletes

Question 10

Why is creatine used as an ergogenic aid?

Answer 10

Efficacy and safety – strong evidence
Few days of high creatine intake (free creatine plus creatine phosphate) increase skeletal muscle content by 20-30%
Increase performance in brief high intensity exercise

Question 11

Why do we have bicarbonate loading in muscle?

Answer 11

To neutralise acid