Lecture 1 - Introduction And Overview Of The Cardiovasucular System Flashcards
What makes up the CVS?
The heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Why do we have a CVS?
Supply oxygen and nutrients
Remove waste products
Transport substance and heat
Because diffusion is too slow
In the CVS when and where do we use diffusion?
For short distance such as the lungs and tissues
In the CVS when and where do we use bulk flow?
For long distances around the body
What are our AV valves?
Mitral valve - left heart
Tricuspid valve - right heart
What are our semilunar valves?
Aortic valve - LV-Aorta
Pulmonary valve - RV-PA
Why do we have heart valves?
To ensure unidirectional blood flow
What is the opening/closing of valves?
A passive, pressure-dependent process
What are the components of cardiac muscle?
Sarcomere Cell membrane t-tubuli Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Mitochondria Contractile machinery
What do we have between cardiac muscle cells and why?
We have intercalated discs and electrical coupling. This means that caridac muscle is able to have rapid movement of electrical signal between neighbouring cells.
What is the overall aim of the CVS?
To maintain arterial blood pressure
What are the physiological factors of the CVS?
Cardiac Output
Peripheral Resistance
Vessel Elasticity
What are the components of cardiac output?
Heart rate and stroke volume
What are the components of mean arterial pressure?
Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
What is the main determinate of TPR?
Vessel radius
