Lecture 23

Question 1

Monkey-Love Experiment

Answer 1

strong preference for cloth mothers
- social isolation = abnormal social behaviour, much more timid, autistic rocking, incapable of sexual relations, abnormal parenting behaviour (abusing or neglecting them)
- social isolation impacted them and their kids, difficult/impossible to compensate for initial emotional insecurity

Question 2

parental behaviour =

Answer 2

any behaviour towards immature offspring that increased its likelihood of survival

Question 3

sensitive mothers = ________ infant = _________ adult

Answer 3

securely attached, relationally attached

Question 4

proximal reasons vs ultimate reasons

Answer 4

proximate = protection, nutrition, learning, etc.
ultimate = passing on genes

Question 5

altricial care

Answer 5

born helpless
- rats, rabbits, etc.

Question 6

precocial care

Answer 6

born at advanced stage, little to no help required for survival
- lambs, other hoofed animals

Question 7

semi precocial/ semi altricial

Answer 7

in between
- humans, other primates

Question 8

mothers need approx. ___ mins with pups post-partum to ensure maternal responsiveness is sustained

Answer 8

30 minutes, not just smelling or seeing, needs to be interacting
- protein synthesis inhibitors injected can block this experience, prevent consolidation —> learning and memory involved here
- more rewarding than cocaine, highly addictive

Question 9

T/F: putting blood of mother rat in virgin rat will elicit maternal responses

Answer 9

true, blood bourne factor? hormones?

Question 10

3 types of Affiliative Behaviour

Answer 10

parent-child, sibling-sibling, male-female (partners)

Question 11

2 key nuclei in hypothalamus

Answer 11

Supraoptic Nucleus, Paraventricular Nucleus

Question 12

2 key neuropeptides secreted by posterior pituitary gland

Answer 12

vasopressin, oxytocin, both are ancient

Question 13

Prairie Voles

Answer 13

monogamous, mate for life, pair bonding over 30-40 hours
- aggressive after mating towards intruders
- live in multigenerational groups, Family Voles
- biparental

Question 14

Montane/Meadow Voles

Answer 14

polygynous, live alone, little social interaction,
- uniparental (maternal)
- short care of infants
- Party Voles
- low partner preference, low selective aggression

Question 15

____ voles have higher amount of oxytocin receptor expression in nucleus accumben, oxytocin receptor in thalamus

Answer 15

Prairie Voles

Question 16

oxytocin in females

Answer 16

surges after mating
- pair bonds

Question 17

vasopressin in males

Answer 17

surges after mating
- pair bonds

Question 18

_____ is necessary + sufficient to produce pair bonding in female Prairie Voles

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

_____ is necessary + sufficient to produce pair bonding in male Prairie Voles

Answer 19

vasopressin

Question 20

vasopressin site specific

Answer 20

lateral septum (LS) -> Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)

Question 21

maternal behaviour dependant on

Answer 21

hypothalamus, specifically medial preoptic area (MPOA)

Question 22

lesions of MPOA

Answer 22

abolish maternal behaviour

Question 23

amygdala inhibits activity produced by MPOA, acts as gate

Answer 23

true

Question 24

levels of receptor for _____ in MPOA associated w/ maternal behaviour

Answer 24

oxytocin

Question 25

estrogen + oxytocin gene

Answer 25

estrogen binds estrogen receptor (steroid receptor), it dimerizes, binds to estrogen receptor response element (ERE) on promoter of oxytocin gene to increase oxytocin receptor gene expression

Question 26

oxytocin gene regulated by ___, which is regulated by _______

Answer 26

ERalpha, STAT5 (signal transducer protein)

Question 27

STAT5 can

Answer 27

move into nucleus, bind ER promoter region and regulate it

Question 28

promoter region on ERalpha is _________ in Low LG individuals

Answer 28

hypermethylated

Question 29

higher amounts of ERalpha in

Answer 29

high LG females, demethylation of ER

Question 30

mating induced partner preference associated w/

Answer 30

increased OTR and V1aR, gene promoter H3K14 acetylation, increased OTR and vasopressin expression in nucleus accumbens

Question 31

HDACI w/out mating

Answer 31

facilitated partner preference in female prairie voles w/out mating but was prevented w/ oxytocin and vasopressin antagonists

Question 32

what is necessary for partner preference

Answer 32

upregulation of oxytocin receptor and vasopressin receptor expression in nucleus accumbens, mediated by increased histone acetylation in H3K14

Question 33

common brain areas w/ mice and humans

Answer 33

hippocampus, hypothalamus, VTA

Question 34

when looking at partners pictures, these areas are activated

Answer 34

medial insula, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, hypothalamus