Lecture 14 Flashcards
Iconic Memory
briefist (only a few seconds), most unstable, sensory info
STM, 3 subtypes
about 30 seconds, retained w/ rehearsal.
1) phonological loop - auditory
2) visuospatial sketchpad - visual
3) episodic buffer - more integrated sensory info, like movie clips
Intermediate-term memory
More stable than STM, limited capacity, disposable memories
LTM
days-years, large capacity, stimulated w/ cue/hint
________ involved in LTM formation at 1hr after training and 5-8hr after training
Protein synthesis
Primacy effect
higher performance on words at beginning of list
Recency effect
higher performance on words at end of list
Immediate test
Recency effect
Test after long delay
Primacy effect
Test after short delay
Recency + Primacy Effect
Encoding
sensory info passed into STM
Consolidation
S/ITM info transferred into LT storage
Recall/Retrieval
stored info is used
Brain areas important for consolidation
PFC and para-hippocampal cortex
- right PFC, both para. = recalling pictures
- left both = recalling words
Engram
memory trace, the physical changes that underly a LTM
- each time recalled, subject to changes
Consolidation of memory involves _________ (but not stored here)
Hippocampus
Where does LTM storage take place?
In cortex, near where it was first processed and held in STM
Reconsolidation
Return of a memory trace to stable, LT storage
Phineas Gage
Rod through left cheek, out top of the head
- never lost consciousness, didn’t lose any physical functioning
- However, his personality, reasoning, understanding of social norms was destroyed
- nasty, vulgar, irresponsible
- strong emotions that changed quickly
- inspired frontal lobotomy
PFC cortex in humans
Much larger than other animals
- 29% of total cortex
PFC functions
forming goals, devising plan of action, selects cognitive skills needed, applies them in correct order, evaluating actions as success or failure
Area of PFC important for STM
dorsolateral PFC
Oculomotor Spatial Delayed response task (dorsolateral PFC)
Most activation during delayed phase when animal is remembering where initial cue was
Lateral PFC damage and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
problems with re-performing task once goal has shifted
- problem with recency memory: putting cards in order (can recognize objects, but not the order they appeared in)
