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Biomedical Pharmacology > Lecture 22 - Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Drug Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Opiate

A

Morphine Dependence liability: +++

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2
Q

Psychostimulant

A

Cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine Dependence liability: +++

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3
Q

Psychotomimetic

A

LSD, Mesacaline, Cannabis Dependence liability: -

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4
Q

CNS depressants

A

Ethanol and Barbiturate Dependence liability: ++

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5
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazepine Dependence liability: +

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6
Q

What is a classical antagonist of opiates?

A

Naloxone

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7
Q

What happens when mu receptor is stimulated?

A

Stimulate an opioid receptor with Morphine G protein coupled mechanism - negative effects upon 2 forms of adenylate Cyclase (reduces level of CAMP) CAMP has knock out effect on the activation of protein kinase A or certain protein kinases - reduce excitability of the target cell Longer term of Morphine; alteration in gene expression through changes of effects of CAMP response element binding proteins to the genetic material

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8
Q

The mu receptor is the most important in terms of what?

A

Abuse potential and development of tolerance

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9
Q

How does Morphine cause inhibition?

A

Increasing K+ conductance and by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity - in turn reducing CAMP levels and phosphorylation of PKA

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10
Q

Drug-self administration

A

Skinner box so that a little lever protrudes into the chamber where the animal is placed and that is attached to a reservoir which is filled with substance of interest By pressing lever, the animal can deliver the drug via canular into region within brain

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11
Q

ICSS: intra-cranial self-stimulation

A

Small electrode is implanted into discrete brain region and pressing the lever will cause a small discharge of electrical current from that electrode

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12
Q

What does Morphine Increase?

A

Dopaminergic fell firing in VTA

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13
Q

What does Morphine mimic the effects of?

A

Endogenous Beta-endorphins

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14
Q

What can Morphine elevate levels of?

A

Dopamine through the use of GABAergic interneurons

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15
Q

What does intra-VTA Morphine Increase?

A

Lever pressing

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16
Q

What decreases lever pressing and basal dopamine release?

A

Blockade of mu receptors in VTA

17
Q

What does blockade of dopamine receptors block?

A

Lever pressing

18
Q

What are examples of Psychostimulants?

A

Cocaine and amphetamine

19
Q

What are effects of psychostimulant?

A

Euphoria, behavioural excitement, reduced fatigue and anorectic

20
Q

What are used of psychostimulant?

A

Anorectic, local anaesthetic and ADHD

21
Q

What is an example of cognitive enhancer?

A

Metaphenidate

22
Q

What effect does cocaine and amphetamine have?

A

Cause elevation in release of dopamine

23
Q

What do cocaine and amphetamine influence ?

A

Dopaminergic nerve terminal as they are both indirect sympathomimetics

24
Q

What does cocaine block?

A

Dopamine uptake transporter

25
Q

What is dopamine inactivation mechanism?

A

Re-uptake and subsequent breakdown of catechol-methyl transferase or mono-amine oxidase

26
Q

What are the effects of cocaine and amphetamine?

A

Tolerance to euphoric effects - dose escalation Withdrawal symptoms Highly addictive with strong re-inforcement properties Psychotic reactions

27
Q

What does psychotic reaction demonstrate?

A

The phenomenon of sensitisation

28
Q

When is the main effect of amphetamine seen?

A

When administered into nucleus accumbens

29
Q

When is the main effect of cocaine seen?

A

Administered into frontal cortex

30
Q

What are psychostimulants?

A

Compound that are characterised by changes in behavioural arousal and excitation

31
Q

What are psychotomimetic compound?

A

Component that alter perception significantly

Cause profound hallucinogen

32
Q

What influences the serotoninergic system?

A

Synthetic compound: LSD

Mescaline

33
Q

What treats anxiety?

A

CNS depressant

Anxiolytic drug

34
Q

What does opiates and psychostimlant that have profound dependence liability comprise of?

A

Psychological and physiological component

35
Q

What was barbiturate used for?

A

Treatment of anxiety and anxiety related conditions

Biomedical Pharmacology (19 decks)

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