Lecture 21 - Foot Flashcards
bones of foot
- 7 tarsal bones
- 5 metatarsal bones
- 14 phalanges
7 tarsal bones
- cuboid
- talus
- navicular
- calcaneus
- medial cuneiform
- intermediate cuneiform
- lateral cuneiform
what do the 5 metatarsal bones connect
connect tarsus to the phalanx
components of metatarsal bones
- base (proximally)
- shaft
- head (distally)
what does the base of the metatarsal bone articulate with
distal row of 7 tarsal bones and with each other
what do the heads of the metatarsals articulate with
respective phalanx
how many phalanges are there
14 phalanges
3 arches of the foot
- medial longitudinal
- lateral longitudinal
- transverse
what is the medial longitudinal arch formed by
all the tarsal bones, except for the cuboid, along with the 3 medial metatarsal bones
what is the medial longitudinal arch supported by
plantar ligaments, specifically:
- plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
- the long plantar
- short plantar ligaments
intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot
plantar aponeurosis
what muscles suspend the medial longitudinal arch from above
- tibialis posterior
- tibialis anterior
what is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by
calcaneus, the cuboid (keystone of the arch), and the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
what is the lateral longitudinal arch held together
the plantar ligaments that lie beneath the arch, the plantar aponeurosis, and by the lateral intrinsic muscles of the foot
what muscles suspend the lateral longitudinal arch from above
peroneus longus and brevis
what forms the transverse arch
the metatarsal bones, the cuboid, and the
three cuneiform bones
what holds the transverse arch together
plantar ligaments, the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments, and the intrinsic muscles of the foot
peroneus longus also supports this arch
what is the sole of the foot covered by
plantar aponeurosis
first muscular layer (most superficial)
- abductor hallucis (medial plantar nerve)
- flexor digitorum brevis (medial plantar nerve)
- abductor digiti minimi (lateral plantar nerve)
second muscular layer
- quadratus plantae (flexor digitorum accessorius) (lateral plantar nerve)
- lumbricals (from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus) (1-medial plantar nerve; 2 through 4-lateral plantar nerve)
third muscular layer
- flexor hallucis brevis (medial plantar nerve)
- adductor hallucis (lateral plantar nerve)
- flexor digiti minimi brevis (lateral plantar nerve)
fourth muscular layer
- 4 dorsal interossei (lateral plantar nerve)
- 3 plantar interossei (lateral plantar nerve)
muscles of dorsum of foot
- extensor digitorum brevis (deep peroneal nerve)
- extensor hallucis brevis (deep peroneal nerve)
what does the superficial perineal nerve divide into on the dorsum of the foot
medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves
what do the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves divide into
Dorsal digital branches supplying the toes
what does the sural nerve end as
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerves
nerve provides innervation to a small region adjacent to the great and second toes
deep perineal nerve
receives most of its innervation from branches of the tibial nerve
sole of the foot
branches of the tibial nerve
- medial calcaneal branch
- medial plantar nerve
- lateral plantar nerve
contributes slightly to the medial cutaneous innervation of the foot
saphenous nerve
continuation of the anterior tibial artery past the malleolus
dorsal pedis artery
what does the dorsal pedis artery become when is pierces the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to enter the sole of the foot
deep plantar artery
the deep plantar artery connects what through the deep plantar arch
lateral plantar artery (branch of the posterior tibial artery)
branches of dorsal pedis
- medial tarsal arteries
- lateral tarsal arteries
- arcuate artery
- first dorsal metatarsal artery
arteries of the sole of the foot
medial and lateral plantar artery (branches of the posterior tibial artery)
