Lecture 19 - Knee Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee?
modified hinge joint
What type of joint is between the patella and patellar surface of the femur?
gliding joint
Both articular facet surfaces of the tibia have corresponding what?
corresponding menisci - lateral and medial
movements of knee
- flexion
- extension
- medial rotation (25 degrees with flexion)
- lateral rotation (25 degrees of extension)
largest sesamoid bone in the body
patella
what does the vertical ridge divide the articular surface of the patella into
- large lateral articular surface
- smaller medial articular surface
shape of patella
triangular (apex lies inferiorly)
What is the patella an attachment for? What does it do?
- quadriceps muscle
- thought to increase the pull of the quadriceps
innervations of knee joint
nerves that cross the joint:
- femoral
- obturator
- sciatic
Is the fibrous capsule of the knee thick or thin?
quite thick
Where is the fibrous capsule of the knee deficient?
deficient anteriorly and is replaced by the fused tendons of the quadriceps musculature and its expansion
consists of deep fibers of the vastus intermedius that attach to the capsule to pull the capsule out of the joint upon extension to prevent injury
articularis genu
innervation of articularis genu
femoral nerve
very extensive and lines the fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
what does NOT cover the articular surfaces
synovial membrane
about how many bursae are around the knee
16 or so
examples of bursae
- prepatellar
- superficial infrapatellar (cutaneous)
- suprapatellar
- deep infrapatellar (between tibia and ligamenum patella)
from inferior border of patella to tibial tuberosity; is the continuation of quadriceps tendon
ligamentum patellae
extracapsular ligaments (5)
- ligamentum patellae
- medial/tibial collateral
- lateral/fibular collateral
- oblique popliteal
- arcuate popliteal
broad, flat band attached on medial epicondyle (below adductor tubercle) that runs downward and forward to medial condyle; attaches to meniscus
medial/tibial collateral ligament
what crosses the medial/tibial collateral ligament
- sartorius
- gracilis
- semitendinosus
round cord from the lateral epicondyle of femur (above groove of popliteus) and runs downward and forward to head of fibula
lateral/fibular collateral ligament
what is primarily covered by the tendon of biceps femoris
lateral/fibular collateral ligament
extension of semimembranosus that attaches above the lateral condyle of the femur
oblique popliteal ligament
what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa and is in contact with popliteal artery
oblique popliteal ligament
Y-shaped ligament that runs from the posterior border of the intercondylar area of the tibia and the lateral epicondyle of femur to the area below the head of fibula
arcuate popliteal ligament
Why are the cruciate ligaments called cruciate?
Because they cross each other
ligament at anterior intercondylar area of tibia that runs superiorly, posteriorly and laterally to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
anterior cruciate ligament
ligament at posterior intercondylar area of tibia that runs superiorly, anteriorly and medially to the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
posterior cruciate ligament
what ligaments are taut in both flexion and extension
cruciate ligaments
when are the cruciate ligaments most relaxed
30 degrees of flexion
what ligaments are taught in extension and relaxed in flexion
collateral ligaments
what motions do the cruciate ligaments prevent
anterior and posterior displacement of the tibia
what motions do the collateral ligaments prevent
abduction and adduction of the knee
shape of medial meniscus
oval, crescent shape
shape of lateral meniscus
more round and nearly a complete ring
what does the medial meniscus attach to at the tibia anteriorly
transverse genicular ligament
what does the medial meniscus attach to posteriomedially
fibrous capsule and deep surface of the medial collateral ligament
what does the lateral meniscus attached to at the tibia anteriorly
transverse genicular ligament
what does the lateral meniscus attach to posteriomedially
tendon of popliteus
