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Microbial world > Lecture 21 and 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 and 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Define chemotherapy

A

Use of drugs to treat disease

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2
Q

Who noted that some dyes used in histology were toxic to bacteria?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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3
Q

What was the first effective antisyphilitic?

A

Salvarsan (Arsenic containing)

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4
Q

What must antimicrobials have?

A

Selective toxicity

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5
Q

What are classification of antibacterial agents based on the mode of action?

A

Bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal

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6
Q

What are classifications of antibacterial agents based on their spectrum of activity?

A

Broad and narrow spectrum

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7
Q

What does penicillin do?

A

Target peptidoglycan on growing bacteria (inhibits cell wall synthesis)

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8
Q

What is the monomers making up petidoglycan?

A

N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG)

N-acetly muramic acid (NAM)

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9
Q

What does penicillin bind to?

A

Bacterial enzymes responsible for cross-linking and inhibits their activity

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10
Q

What is the structure of all penicillins?

A

beta-lactam ring

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11
Q

What are extremely broad spectrum beta-lactams resistant to most beta lactamases?

A

Cabapenems

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12
Q

What are the 4 classifications of beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

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13
Q

Name a glycopeptide antibiotic

A

Vancomycin and teicoplanin

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14
Q

How do glycopeptide antibiotics work?

A

Inhbit cell wall synthesis of gram + aerobes

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15
Q

What is the difference between how beta-lactams work and glycopeptides?

A

Beta-lactams: structural analogues of cell wall precursor

Glycopeptides: bind to cell wall precursor

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16
Q

What is the type of inhibition in beta-lactams and glycopeptides?

A

beta-lactams: competitve inhibition

Glycopeptides: steric inhibition

17
Q

What does mycobacteria cell wall contain?

A

Mycolic acid

18
Q

Name two antimycobacterial antibiotics

A

Isoniazid

Ethambutol

19
Q

What are cationic peptides?

A

Polymyxins

20
Q

How do polymyxins work?

A

It competes and displaces cations on lipopetides, detabilising membrane of gram negative bacteria

21
Q

What competitvely inhibits with folic acid precuror to block folic acid production?

A

Sulfonamides

22
Q

Name two classes of ergosterol synthesis inhibting antifungal drugs

A

Polyenes

Azoles

23
Q

What drug targets beta-glucans in fungi?

A

Echinocandins

24
Q

How do antivirals block initial stages of virus infections?

A

Entry inhibitors, fusion blockers, stop them being released from their coat, inhibit intergrase

25
Q

What antiviral inhibits further spread of the infection?

A

Interferons

Microbial world (12 decks)

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