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Microbial world > Lecture 17 and 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 and 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pathology

A

The study of a disease

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2
Q

Define Aetiology

A

The study of the cause of a disease

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3
Q

Define pathogenesis

A

The development of disease

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4
Q

Typical human body contains how many body cells vs bacterial cells

A

1x10^13

1x10^14

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5
Q

Human microbiome project is used to determine what?

A

Relationship between human microbiome, human health and disease

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6
Q

What else may be present besides the normal microbiota?

A

Transient microbiota (present days/weeks/months)

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7
Q

How does normal microbiota protect the host?

A

Occypying niches pathogens might occupy (produce acids and bacteriocines)

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8
Q

What is compoetition between microbes called?

A

Microbial antagonism

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9
Q

Name a part of the normal microbiota that is an opportunistic pathogen.

A

S.epidermidids (commensal on skin, harmful in the wrong place)

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10
Q

Who investigated anthrax in farm animals and mice?

A

Robert Koch

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11
Q

Koch’s postulates.

A

Same pathogen present in every case
Pathogen must be isolated and cultrues
Pathogen from culture must cause disease when inoculated
The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and be shown to be original organism

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12
Q

Problems with Koch’s postulates

A

Some pathogens cannot be grown on artifical media
Some only cause disease in human (HIV)
Some conditions caused by several different species (meningitits)

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13
Q

Name a pathogen that cannot be cultured on artifical media

A 
Treponema pallidum (causative agent of syphillis)
Viruses
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14
Q

Who observed bacteria in ulcer tissue samples?

A

RobinWarren

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15
Q

What bacteria causes peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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16
Q

Sporadic disease vs endemic disease

A

Sporadic: occurs occasionally in a population
Endemic: constantly present in a population

17
Q

Give an example of a disease both sporadic and endemic

A

Meningococcal meningitis (sporadic in UK, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa)

18
Q

Epidemic vs pandemic disease

A

Epidemic: disease acquired by many hosts in a given area
Pandemic: worldwide epidemic

19
Q

Two types of duration of a disease based on development time:

A

Acute

Chronic

20
Q

What virus causes chickenpox (which is latent- hidden in nerve cells)

A

Varicella virus

Mucobacterium tuberculosis

21
Q

What period follows incubation and is characterised by early, mild symptoms of disease?

A

Prodromal period

22
Q

What are disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans?

A

Zoonoses

23
Q

How many zoonoses are there?

A

150

24
Q

Vectors transmit disease by which 2 general methods?

A 
Mechanical transmission (arthropod carries pathogen on feet)
Biological transmission (pathogen reproduces in vector)
25
Q

How much has nosocomial infections increased in the last 20 years?

A

36 percent

26
Q

What three factors play into healthcare-associated infections?

A
  • Microorganisms in healthcare associated environment
  • Chain of transmission
  • Compromised host
27
Q

What is MRSA?

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

28
Q

Name an emergic infectious disease that is the result of changes in weather patterns

A

Hantavirus

29
Q

What virus is spreading as a result of modern transportation?

A

West Nile virus

30
Q

Name a disease that is emerging due to ecological disaster, war and expanding human settlement?

A

Cholera

31
Q

Name an emerging disease that is the result of public health failure.

A

Diptheria

32
Q

Define epidemiology

A

The study of where and when diseases occur

33
Q

Who mapped the occurence of cholera in London?

A

John Snow

34
Q

Who showed increased sanitation decreased incidence of epidemic typhys?

A

Florence Nightingale

35
Q

What is morbidity?

A

The incidence of a specific notfiable disease

Microbial world (12 decks)

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