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Botany > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the categories of euphyllophytes

A

monilophytes and lignophytes

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2
Q

what are the different categories of monilophytes?

A
  1. Equisetopsida
  2. Polypodiopsida
  3. Maratiopsida
  4. Psilotopsida
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3
Q

what are the different categories of lignophytes

A
  • Aneurophytes*
  • Archaeopteris*
  • Seed plants
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4
Q

characteristics of euphyllophytes

A
  • Pseudomomopodialgrowth (Overtopping of Branches)

* Megaphylls

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5
Q

which categories of monilophytes are ferns?

A

2.Polypodiopsida
3.Maratiopsida
4.Psilotopsida
•Ophioglossales

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6
Q

how many species of equistopsida are there?

A

15

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7
Q

what fossil are equisetum identical to? what are they?

A

Equisetites (fossil from 300MYA)

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8
Q

describe the stems of equistopsida

A

jointed stems

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9
Q

describe the leaves of equistopsida

A

they are scale like and at the nodes

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10
Q

what is a Strobilus

A

Cone made from Sporangiophores

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11
Q

what is a sporngiospore?

A

Sporangia bearing branch.

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12
Q

what kind of origin do ferns have?

A

carboniferous origins

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13
Q

how many species of ferns are there?

A

less than 12,000 specis

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14
Q

true or false, most fern species are tropical

A

true

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15
Q

do ferns undergo secondary growth?

A

no

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16
Q

what kind of sporangia do ferns have?

A

terminal and abaxial

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17
Q

are ferns homosporous or heterosporous?

A

they are homosporous except for water ferns and fossil lineages

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18
Q

where is an adaxial sporangia located?

A

it is attached to the upper surface of a microphyll and at the bottom of a megaphyll

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19
Q

where is a terminal sporangia located?

A

it develops at the tip of a branch

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20
Q

what is an induism?

A

it covers a sporangia

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21
Q

describe eusporangia

A

they are larger, they have multiple layers, and many spores

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22
Q

describe a leptosporangia

A
  • they are smaller
  • they are a single layer
  • they have fewer spores
  • they are formed on stalks
  • they have tapetum
  • they have annulus
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23
Q

tapetum

A

nutitive structure

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24
Q

annulus

A

aids in spore dispersal (a catapult)

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25
Q

what kind of leaves do ferns have?

A

megaphylls

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26
Q

what are young fern leaves called?

A

fiddle heads

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27
Q

why do fiddle heads uncoil/

A

they uncoil because of the process called circinate vernation

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28
Q

circinate vernation

A

uncoiling due to uneven growth

29
Q

rachis

A

extension of petiole

30
Q

pinnae

A

leaflets

31
Q

what are the different categories of psilotopsida ferns?

A

ophioglossales and psilotales

32
Q

describe ophioglossales

A

Single Leaf, vegetative + fertile section.

33
Q

are psilotum hetero or homosporous

A

homosporous

34
Q

what kind of stele do psilotum have?

A

protostel

35
Q

do psilotum have leaves?

A

no

36
Q

do psilotum have roots?

A

no

37
Q

what kind of sporangia do psilotum have?

A

terminal

38
Q

are Tmesipteris of psilotales homo or heterosporous

A

homosporous

39
Q

what kind of stele do Tmesipteris of psilotales have?

A

protostele

40
Q

what kind of leaves do Tmesipteris of psilotales have?

A

leaves with one vascular bundle

41
Q

do Tmesipteris of psilotales have roots?

A

no

42
Q

what kind of sporangia do Tmesipteris have

A

lateral sporangia

43
Q

what kind of ferns are tree ferns?

A

maratiopsida

44
Q

how many generes of maratiopsida are there

A

six

45
Q

how many species of maratiopsida are there?

A

aproximately 200

46
Q

are maratiopsida homo or heterosporous

A

homosporous

47
Q

what kind of stele do maratiopsida have?

A

no

48
Q

do maratiopsida undergo secondary growth

A

no

49
Q

what kind of environments do maratiopsida exist in?

A

tropical carboniferous coral swamps

50
Q

what kind of family belongs to th leptosporangiate ferns

A

polypodiopsida

51
Q

how many families belong to the polypodiopsida

A

35

52
Q

how many generas belong to the polypodiopsida

A

320

53
Q

how many species are in polypodiopsida

A

10,500

54
Q

are polypodiopsida homo or heterosporous

A

homosporous

55
Q

what is the gametophyte of the polypodiopsida

A

prothalus

56
Q

what kind of leaves do polypodiopsida have?

A

fronds

57
Q

what type of ferns are Salviniales

A

Leptosporangiate Ferns Polypodiopsida

58
Q

which type of fern is a water fern

A

Salviniales

59
Q

are Salviniales hetero or homosporous

A

heterosporous

60
Q

Marsilea

A

sporocarps, drought resistant repro structures persist dry for 100+years.

61
Q

Azolla

A

eaves colonized by cyanobacteria (N-Fixers).

62
Q

ancestral tracheophytes

A

Aglaophyton major, Rhyniophytes, Aneurophytes&Archaeopteris, and Trimerophytes,

63
Q

describe Aglaophyton major

A
  • Non-vascular
  • Terminal sporangia
  • Alternation of isomorphic generations
64
Q

describe Rhyniophytes

A

Dichotomous branching

Terminal sporangia

65
Q

true or false, the lycophytes Lepidodendrales are extinct

A

true

66
Q

when did Lepidodendrales live?

A

Lived During Carboniferous 362-290 MYA

67
Q

Trimerophytes structure

A

Dichotomous branching (unequal)
Overtopping branches
Terminal Sporangia
Basal Euphyllophyte lineage

68
Q

Psilophyton novel characteristics

A
  • Note Overtopped branches

* Note Sporangia

69
Q

seed plant ancestors

A

cordiates and archaeopteris, Archaeopterisvs Archaeoptery,

Botany (8 decks)

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