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Botany > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the novel features of vascular plants?

A
  1. Embryo: zygote retained, nourished by gametophyte (matrotrophy)
  2. Cuticle
  3. Sporopoleninwalled spores(decay resistant)
  4. Antheridia & Archegonia with sterile jacket
  5. Sporiclife cycle
  6. (Stomata)
  7. Branching Independent Sporophyte
  8. Vascular Tissue (xylem & Phloem)
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2
Q

when did vascular plants first appear in the fossil record?

A

400 million years ago

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3
Q

describe early vascular plants

A

Earliest vascular plants were the size of trees! The dominant forests on earth.Carboniferous swamps are the source of most coal deposits.

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4
Q

do tracheophytes have vascular tissue?

A

yes

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5
Q

do tracheophytes have true leavs?

A

yes

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6
Q

do tracheophytes have true roots?

A

yes

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7
Q

what is the life cycle of a tracheophyte?

A

independent sporophytes

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8
Q

what are the types of steles?

A

protostele, siphonostele, and eustele

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9
Q

structures of a protostele

A

Solid core
•Xylem in center
•Phloem Surrounds xylem
•No leaf gaps

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10
Q

structure of a siphonostele

A
  • Pith in center.•“solid” ring of vascular tissue.
  • Phloem on outside
  • Phloem both inside & outside.
  • Xylem in middle of band.
  • Leaf gaps present
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11
Q

structure of a eustele

A
  • Discrete bundles
  • Vascular Tissue in discrete bands
  • No leaf gaps.
  • Leaf trace gaps instead.
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12
Q

describe a microphyll

A
  • Single vascular trace without a leaf gap.
  • Derived from outgrowth of stem.
  • Usually smaller
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13
Q

describe a megaphyll

A
  • Vascular trace leaves a leaf gap in stele.
  • Multiple branching veins (usually).
  • Derived from branches via planation and webbing.
  • Usually larger
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14
Q

what are the types of leaves of tracheophytles?

A

microphyll and megaphylls

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15
Q

how did microphylls evolve?

A
  • Originated as outgrowths of the stem.
  • Enationswith no vascular tissue.
  • Then evolve vascular tissue in core.
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16
Q

how did megaphylls evolve?

A

•Derived from branches via planation and webbing.

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17
Q

what kind of life cycle do seedless vascular plants have?

A

sporic life cycle

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18
Q

describe the sporophyte of a seedless vascular plant

A

they are free living and dominant

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19
Q

describe the gametophyte of a seedless vascular plant

A

it is free living and deduced

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20
Q

do seedless vascular plants require water for fertilization?

A

yes

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21
Q

describe the sporophyte phase of seedless vascular plants

A

The sporophyte phase has true leaves, stems, roots (they contain vascular tissue).

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22
Q

list the different families of lycophytes

A
  • Lycopodiaceae
  • Selaginellaceae
  • Lepidodendrales*
  • Isoetes
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23
Q

what are the characteristics of lycophytes?

A
  • Microphylls

* Protostelein root and shoot

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24
Q

what family do club mosses belong to?

A

lycopodiacea

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25
Q

how many species are found in club mosses

A

400 species

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26
Q

what kind of stele do club moss have

A

protostele (in both stem and root)

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27
Q

what kind of leaves do club mosses have?

A

microphylls

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28
Q

describe the sporophyll of club mosses?

A

Sporophylls with adaxial sporangia

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29
Q

describe the location of Adaxial Sporangia

A

-Attached to upper surface of microphyll.(sporophyll) and attached to the bottom of a megaphyll

30
Q

describe the location of terminal sporangia

A

-Develop at the tip of a branch

31
Q

what are strobili?

A

aggregations of sporophyll

32
Q

are sporophytes or gametophytes dominant in the lifecycle of a lycopodiaceae?

A

the sporophyte is dominant

33
Q

are the sporophytes or gametophytes of a lycopodiaceae independent?

A

they are both independent

34
Q

are the gametophytes of lycopodiacea photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic?

A

they can be both

35
Q

how long does it take for lycopodiaceae to mature?

A

6-15 years

36
Q

how many species are there in the salaginellaceae family?

A

750 species in Genus Selaginella

37
Q

are Selaginellaceae heterosporous

A

yes

38
Q

what kind of stele do Selaginellaceae have?

A

they have a protostele in their stem and root

39
Q

what kind of leaves do Selaginellaceae have?

A

microphylls

40
Q

what kind of sporangia do Selaginellaceae have?

A

adaxial sporangia

41
Q

what kind of sporphylls do Selaginellaceae have?

A

megasporphyll and microsporophyll

42
Q

do Selaginellaceae have strobili

A

some do

43
Q

what is an example of Selaginellaceae

A

resurrection plant

44
Q

what does it mean for something to be homosporous?

A

Equal size sporesAll small

45
Q

what does it mean for something to be heterosporous?

A

Unequal size spores.
Some large.
Some small
(meaning that it has mega and microsporangia)

46
Q

what does heterospory lead to

A

the separation of male and female gametophytes

47
Q

what are microspores? what is their function? what is their gender?

A

they are microgametophytes
they are male
they produce sperm

48
Q

what are megaspores?
what is their function?
what is their gender?

A

they are megagametophytes
they are female
they produce eggs

49
Q

ligule

A

scalelike outgrowth at base of microphyll or sporophyll. Note: microsporphylls & megasporophylls can occur on same strobilus.

50
Q

are megagametophytes unicellular or multicellular

A

multicellular

51
Q

where do megagametophytes develop

A

inside megaspore wall

52
Q

what do megagametophyte form?

A

archegonia

53
Q

do megagametophytes have chlorophyll?

A

no

54
Q

are microgametophyte unicellular or multicellular?

A

they are multicellular

55
Q

where do microgametophytes develop?

A

inside of a microspore

56
Q

what do microgametophytes produce?

A

antheridium

57
Q

do microgametophytes have chlorophyll?

A

no

58
Q

what family do quill warts belong to?

A

isoetaceae

59
Q

how many species of quill worts are there?

A

150 species

60
Q

are quill worts homo or heterosporous?

A

heterosporous

61
Q

what kind of stele do quill worts have?

A

protostele

62
Q

what kind of stem to quill worts have?

A

a corm

63
Q

true or false, quill worts have ligule

A

true

64
Q

what kind of habitat do quill worts live in?

A

mainly aquatic

65
Q

what kind of photosynthesis do quill worts undergo?

A

CAM photosynthesis

66
Q

what family of lycophytes are extinct?

A

lepidodentrales

67
Q

when did the lepidodentrales live?

A

362-290 million years ago

68
Q

where did lepidodentrales

A

coral forming swamps

69
Q

how tall did lepidodentrales grow?

A

10-35m tall

70
Q

did lepidodentrales undergo secondary growth?

A

yes in the cortex

71
Q

did lepidodentrales have secondary vascular tissue?

A

no

Botany (8 decks)

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