Lecture 18 Flashcards
what are the major characteristics of green plants
chlorophyll b, starch storage
what are the two main lineages of green plants
chlorophytes and streptophytes
•Chlorophyceae
•Trebouxiophyceae
•Ulvophyceae
make up which of the main lineages of green plants?
Chlorophytes
•Charophyceae
•Embryophytes
make up which of the main lineages of green plants?
Streptophytes
the four families of green algae
- Chlorophyceae
- Trebouxiophyceae
- Ulvophyceae
- Charophyceae
Chlorophyceae live in what type of environment?
mostly freshwater
do Chlorophyceae have flagella?
some have flagella and some dont
are Chlorophyceae unicellular or multicellular
unicellular
describe the structure of
Chlorophyceae
they are colonial and they have filamentous sheets
Trebouxiophyceae live in what type of environment?
Mostly Freshwater & Terrestrial
are Trebouxiophyceae multicellular or unicellular
unicellular
describe the structure of Trebouxiophyceae
they are colonial and they have filaments and blades
Ulvophyceae live in what type of environment?
Mostly Marine
what kind of life cycle do Ulvophyceae have?
Isomorphic sporiclife cycle or Haplontic
describe the structure of Ulvophyceae
Filamentous/Sheets of cells
Charophyceae live in what type of environment?
Mostly Freshwater
are Charophyceae multicellular or unicellular
unicellular
describe the structure of Charophyceae
Unicellular, colonial, filaments, and Parenchymatous
what is the closest living relative to land plants?
Charophyceae
what are the basal charophytes?
Mesostigma
Chlorokybus
Klebsormidium
zyganmetales
spirogyra
desmids
constricted two-part bodies
how do coleohaete grow?
branched growth
how many species of chara are there?
250
what is the closest known living relative of land plants?
green algae (charophyceae)
what is the key difference in Charophyceae and Embryophytes
charophycae have a haplontic life cycle and embryophytes had a sporic life cycle
Transition from Haplontic to Sporic Life Cycle
Ancestral State
HaplonticLife cycle.Charophyceanalgae have zygotes (diploid) that undergo meiosis, producing haploid cells dispersed in water
Matrotrophy
retention of embryo on maternal tissue with maternal nourishment.
embryo
young multicellular sporophyte (diploid).
Novel Features of Land Plants
- -Embryo
- -Cuticle
- -Sporopoleninwalled spores(decay resistant)
- Antheridia & Archegonia with sterile jacket
- -Sporiclife cycle
- -(Stomata)
The First Land Plants appear
450 MYA.
Synapomorphy
A character that is shared by two or more species and that is a derivedtrait for the group.
Derived
resent in common ancestor of the group, but absent in earlier diverging relatives.
We use synapomorphies to construct _______. They define clades
synapomorphies
Pleisiomorphy
A character that is shared by two or more species but that is not unique to those species (or clade).
Ancestral
present in common ancestor of the group, and also present in earlier diverging relatives.
Land Plant Adaptations
- cuticle
- stomata
- archegonia
- antheridia
cuticle
protects against desiccation, & is a UV screen
stomata
allows gas exchange and regulation.
archegonia and antheridia
specialized structures that produce and protect sex cells (prevents dehydration)
archegonia
produce eggs.
antheridia
produce sperm.
