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Botany > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major characteristics of green plants

A

chlorophyll b, starch storage

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2
Q

what are the two main lineages of green plants

A

chlorophytes and streptophytes

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3
Q

•Chlorophyceae
•Trebouxiophyceae
•Ulvophyceae
make up which of the main lineages of green plants?

A

Chlorophytes

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4
Q

•Charophyceae
•Embryophytes
make up which of the main lineages of green plants?

A

Streptophytes

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5
Q

the four families of green algae

A
  • Chlorophyceae
  • Trebouxiophyceae
  • Ulvophyceae
  • Charophyceae
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6
Q

Chlorophyceae live in what type of environment?

A

mostly freshwater

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7
Q

do Chlorophyceae have flagella?

A

some have flagella and some dont

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8
Q

are Chlorophyceae unicellular or multicellular

A

unicellular

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9
Q

describe the structure of

Chlorophyceae

A

they are colonial and they have filamentous sheets

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10
Q

Trebouxiophyceae live in what type of environment?

A

Mostly Freshwater & Terrestrial

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11
Q

are Trebouxiophyceae multicellular or unicellular

A

unicellular

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12
Q

describe the structure of Trebouxiophyceae

A

they are colonial and they have filaments and blades

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13
Q

Ulvophyceae live in what type of environment?

A

Mostly Marine

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14
Q

what kind of life cycle do Ulvophyceae have?

A

Isomorphic sporiclife cycle or Haplontic

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15
Q

describe the structure of Ulvophyceae

A

Filamentous/Sheets of cells

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16
Q

Charophyceae live in what type of environment?

A

Mostly Freshwater

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17
Q

are Charophyceae multicellular or unicellular

A

unicellular

18
Q

describe the structure of Charophyceae

A

Unicellular, colonial, filaments, and Parenchymatous

19
Q

what is the closest living relative to land plants?

A

Charophyceae

20
Q

what are the basal charophytes?

A

Mesostigma
Chlorokybus
Klebsormidium

21
Q

zyganmetales

A

spirogyra

22
Q

desmids

A

constricted two-part bodies

23
Q

how do coleohaete grow?

A

branched growth

24
Q

how many species of chara are there?

A

250

25
Q

what is the closest known living relative of land plants?

A

green algae (charophyceae)

26
Q

what is the key difference in Charophyceae and Embryophytes

A

charophycae have a haplontic life cycle and embryophytes had a sporic life cycle

27
Q

Transition from Haplontic to Sporic Life Cycle

Ancestral State

A

HaplonticLife cycle.Charophyceanalgae have zygotes (diploid) that undergo meiosis, producing haploid cells dispersed in water

28
Q

Matrotrophy

A

retention of embryo on maternal tissue with maternal nourishment.

29
Q

embryo

A

young multicellular sporophyte (diploid).

30
Q

Novel Features of Land Plants

A
  1. -Embryo
  2. -Cuticle
  3. -Sporopoleninwalled spores(decay resistant)
  4. Antheridia & Archegonia with sterile jacket
  5. -Sporiclife cycle
  6. -(Stomata)
31
Q

The First Land Plants appear

A

450 MYA.

32
Q

Synapomorphy

A

A character that is shared by two or more species and that is a derivedtrait for the group.

33
Q

Derived

A

resent in common ancestor of the group, but absent in earlier diverging relatives.

34
Q

We use synapomorphies to construct _______. They define clades

A

synapomorphies

35
Q

Pleisiomorphy

A

A character that is shared by two or more species but that is not unique to those species (or clade).

36
Q

Ancestral

A

present in common ancestor of the group, and also present in earlier diverging relatives.

37
Q

Land Plant Adaptations

A
  • cuticle
  • stomata
  • archegonia
  • antheridia
38
Q

cuticle

A

protects against desiccation, & is a UV screen

39
Q

stomata

A

allows gas exchange and regulation.

40
Q

archegonia and antheridia

A

specialized structures that produce and protect sex cells (prevents dehydration)

41
Q

archegonia

A

produce eggs.

42
Q

antheridia

A

produce sperm.

Botany (8 decks)

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