Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Novel Features of Tracheophytes

A
  • Embryo: zygote retained, nourished by gametophyte (matrotrophy)
  • Cuticle
  • Stomata,
  • Spores made of sporopolenin (decay resistant)
  • Sporic life cycle
  • Vascular Tissue (xylem & Phloem)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when did seed plants originate?

A

Seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) originate 365 MYA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gymnosperms divisions

A

Ginkophyta
Cycadophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

angiosperm divisions

A

Anthophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kind of life cycle do gymnosperms have?

A

a sporic life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are gymnosperms homo or heterosporous

A

heterosporous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does it mean for something to be heterosprous?

A

separate male /female gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the microgametophytes of gymnosperms produce?

A

pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are the microgametophytes of gymnosperms free living?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

do gymnosperms have an antheridia?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why dont gymnosperms have an antheridia?

A

they produce sperm directly and have a pollen tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is water required for fertilization of gymnosperms

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

does sperm have flaglla in gymnosperms?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of a megagametophyte in a gymnosperm

A

it develops into part of a seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is an archgonia present in a megagamtophyte?

A

yes, the eggs are produced there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gymnosperm Megasporangium

A
  • Surrounded by integument (1 or 2 layers)
  • Reduction of megaspore mother cells (n=1).
  • Meiosis produces 4 megaspores
  • Unequal cytoplasmic partitioning
  • One cell, mature megaspore
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how pollination occurs in gymnosperms

A

•Pollen enters micropyle, may occur prior to megagametophytedevelopment.
•Mature Megagametophyteproduces archegonia (1-2)
•Pollen germinates to produce pollen tube, grows towards archegonium
.•Sperm swim or transported to egg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how seed maturation occurs in gymnosperms

A
  • Fertilization
  • Embryo growth
  • Dormancy
  • Dispersal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spores vs. Seeds

A

Spores: Haploid, single celled, develop into gametophytes

Seeds: Complex assemblages of tissue
•Embyro(2N)
•Nutritive tissue
•megagametophyte(1N) gymnosperms
•or endosperm (3N) angiosperms
•integument (2N parental sporophyte)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

true or false seed is not an egg.

A

true

21
Q

Components of a seed

A

1) Embryonic sporophyte (multicellular 2N, product of fertilization).
2) Female gametophyte = Nutritive tissue.
3) Seed coat (hard layer that protects the embryo) derived from sporangium wall and integuments (parental 2N).

22
Q

Advantages of Seeds over Spores

Nutrition

A

Rapid initial growth.Increased competitive ability compared to spores.

23
Q

Advantages of Seeds over Spores

Dormancy

A

Delay development until conditions are favorable. Seed banks.

24
Q

Advantages of Seeds over Spores

Permits life in harsh habitats

A

Reduction of adult lifespan (desert annuals).

25
Q

Gymnosperm Pollen Development

A 
Microspores develop into:
-microgametophyte
-mitosis
-small  4 or 8 cells-pollen
Formed in microsporangiate  cones.
26
Q

Microspores

A

develop into extremely reduced male gametophytes.

27
Q

Pollen grain

A

immature male gametophyte (microgametophyte).This is the stage that pollen is shed (spring) and is wind-dispersed.

28
Q

true or false, ginkgophyta are extinct in the wild

A

true

29
Q

where can ginkgophyta be found today?

A

Preserved in temple gardens in China and Japan

30
Q

physical structure of ginkgo

A

-Ovules produced singly-leaves produced on ‘short shoots’

31
Q

is the sporophyte or gymnosperm generation of ginkgophyta

A

the sporophyte

32
Q

are Ginkgophyta homo or heterosporous?

A

heterosporous

33
Q

what is the male sporophyte of Ginkgophyta called?

A

microspoangiate

34
Q

what is the female sporophyte og ginkgophyta called?

A

megasporangiate

35
Q

is the sperm of Ginkgophyta motile?

A

yes

36
Q

Ginkgo & Cycad Pollination

enter the megagametophyte where?

A

the micropyle

37
Q

what kind of pollen tube do

Ginkgo & Cycad have?

A

Haustorial pollen tube.

38
Q

how ginkgo and cycad are pollinated

A
  • Pollen enter micropyle
  • Haustorial pollen tube.
  • Pollen tube grows into nucellus(megasporangium)
  • Absorbs nutrition
  • Pollen grain ruptures near archegonia.
  • Sperm swim to egg in archegonium.
  • Polyembryony: fertilization of multiple archegonia… usually only one embryo survives.
39
Q

Gnetophyta

A

Group of unusual plants with varying growth form Possess standard set of seed plant characteristics Non-motile sperm

40
Q

Coniferophyta wood contains only _____

A

tracheids, no vessels

41
Q

Coniferophyta leaves are ___

A

needls

42
Q

what are needles

A

highly modified megaphylls

43
Q

are conifers hetero or homosporous?

A

heterosporous

44
Q

is the sporophyte or gametophyte dominant in conifers?

A

Sporophyte dominant, most produce both microspores and megaspores on the same plant

45
Q

is conifer sperm motile?

A

no

46
Q

how are pollen and seeds dispersed in gymnosperms?

A

In gymnosperms, both pollen and seeds are usually wind-dispersed.

47
Q

How are cycads pollinated?

A

Cycads are often insect pollinated (by weevils) and their fruits are fleshy and are eaten by animals.

48
Q

the use of insects by cycads represents the first form of ______ for plant reproduction

A

animal-plant interaction

49
Q

juniper berryies are dispersed how?

A

they are eaten by bird the seeds are dispersed in feces

Botany (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions