lecture 20

Question 1

what are the basic functions of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 1

motility, absorption, secretion and digestion

Question 2

what parts of the tract have stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 2

the Mouth/oral cavity, the anus and the esophagus

Question 3

what parts of the tract have simple columnar epithelium

Answer 3

both intestines and the stomach

Question 4

what are the two types of multicellular gland we can have

Answer 4

simple and compound

Question 5

what are simple and compound glands

Answer 5

simple are glands with one duct
compound are glands with 2 or more ducts

Question 6

what does the mucosa consist of, 4 things and sometimes what

Answer 6

epithelium, basement membrane, an FCT lamina propria, muscularis mucosae plus sometimes glands

Question 7

what does the lamina propria also contains

Answer 7

lymph vessels and blood vessels

Question 8

what does the muscularis mucosae do

Answer 8

it is smooth muscle associated with only the mucosa, which causes localised movement which can enhance local secretions and absorption

Question 9

what does the submucosa consist of 4 things

Answer 9

FCT, glands, blood vessels and submucosal nerve plexus

Question 10

what does submucosal plexus do

Answer 10

regulates secretions of the invaginating glands of the submucosa, the submucosal nerve plexus is apart of the ENS

Question 11

muscularis externa consists of what 3 things

Answer 11

the inner circular layer, outer longitudinal and between the two is myenteric plexus

Question 12

what does the myenteric plexus do

Answer 12

Myenteric plexus (Part of ENS)
* Located between muscle layers
* Regulates motility

Question 13

what is the adventitia made of

Answer 13

FCT, and in the peritoneal cavity it has the outer serosal layer

Question 14

whats the path from the mouth to the esophagus

Answer 14

Through fauces, into oropharynx & laryngopharynx then into esophagus

Question 15

what are our three pairs of salivary glands and what do they each secrete

Answer 15

partoid: serous fluid with amylase
sublingual: mucous only
submandibular: a mix of the other 2

Question 16

what type of gland is the salivary gland

Answer 16

a compound gland

Question 17

what are the different types of cells in the salivary gland and what do they do

Answer 17

cells in the clusters are Acinar cells- these secrete amylase and mucous
cells in the duct are duct cells- these secrete buffering bicarbonate

Question 18

what are the adaptations to the muscularis external in the esophagus

Answer 18

The muscularis extenra varies throughout the esophagus. The first 3rd is skeletal muscle, 2nd third is a mix, bottom third is smooth muscle.

Question 19

what are the adaptations to the submucosa and mucosa of the esophagus

Answer 19

Highly folded submucosa and mucosa
* Capacity to expand for passage of bolus

Question 20

describe epithelium in esophagus in terms of cells and mucous and that

Answer 20

stratified squamous for protection against abrasion, has lots of mucous for lubrication but no goblet cells. instead there are ducts in the submucosa with openings to the apical surface

Question 21

where are the ducts in the esophagus

Answer 21

they are in the submucosa from top to bottom, at the area near the stomach we see glands in mucosa also