lecture 17

Question 1

whats inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 1

the extra volume that can be inhaled over and above tidal volume

Question 2

whats expiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

the extra volume that can be exhaled voluntarily after completion of a normal quiet respiratory cycle

Question 3

whats vital capacity

Answer 3

the volume of air that can be moved into and out of your lungs, IRV + ERV + Vt

Question 4

whats total lung capacity

Answer 4

total volume in the lungs when its filled to the max, Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 5

whats inspiratory capacity

Answer 5

inspiratory reserve + tidal volume
total volume of air that can be inspired from rest

Question 6

whats functional residual capacity

Answer 6

expiratory reserve + residual volume
volume remaining in lungs after normal exhalation

Question 7

whats FEV1/FEV, and whats normal

Answer 7

Forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1
 i.e How much of the forced vital capacity (FVC) comes out in first
second

Question 8

whats a bad FEV1/FEV and what does it indicate

Answer 8

0.7, indicates airways obstruction = increased airway resistance
resistance to airflow, things like cancer

Question 9

whats an obstructive lung disorder

Answer 9

resistance to airflow, asthma, emphysema

Question 10

whats a restrictive disorder

Answer 10

reduced lung capacity, Reduced lung compliance (e.g. fibrosis)
Insufficient surfactant release

Question 11

what opposing forces must be overcome to take a breath

Answer 11

the stiffness of the lung, resistance to the air ways of the lungs

Question 12

what is pulmonary fibrosis and what does it cause

Answer 12

it causes low compliance of the lungs as it stiffens them, Thickening and scarring of the alveolar membranes
* Can arise from chronic inflammation or exposure to industrial chemicals

Question 13

what does surfactant do and whats it made of

Answer 13

Surfactant – reduces surface tension in alveoli
makes them easier to expand, its made of phospholipids

Question 14

how does surfactant lower surface tension

Answer 14

Alveoli are lined with fluid that exert surface tension, surfactant reduces the forces of attraction between fluid molecules of the alveoli, making it to expand volume of alveoli

Question 15

what is respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 15

when premature infants do not produce enough surfactant, so their lungs are stiff and less compliant

Question 16

where in the bronchial tree is the most airway resistance and how

Answer 16

in the bronchi, through the radius thing the same rule of 16 as the blood vessels.