Lecture 2 - Origins of IQ testing Flashcards

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1
Q

Are savant abilities evidence of high intelligence?

A
  • no as someone with savant syndrome typically has a low IQ score
  • extraordinary but narrow mental ability is not what is usually considered evidence of high intelligence
  • however savant research raises the question on the existence of multiple intelligences in the areas where savants appear e.g music, maths
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1
Q

What is Savant syndrome?

A
  • special ability usually accompanied by prodigious memory
  • approx 1 in 10 people with autism show savant skills
  • e.g. Brittany Mayer could duplicate a song after only hearing it a few times
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2
Q

Spearman - 2 factor theory of intelligence?

A
  • argued that there is general intelligence (g) and specific intelligence (s)
  • g factor is not the same as IQ
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3
Q

g factor?

A
  • is a statistical result
  • used to refer to general intelligence, cognitive ability and mental ability
  • is more biological/ genetic
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4
Q

IQ (intelligence quotient)?

A
  • is a single score representing a range of mental abilities
  • influenced by social & cultural factors
  • large sample of IQ scores from across the world are normally distributed
  • average IQ = 100
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5
Q

Early theories of intelligence - Galton?

A
  • interested in showing how individuals differ in intelligence
  • believed that intelligence was dealing with information gained through the senses
  • founded psychometrics = the science of measuring mental capacities and processes to measure differences in mental ability
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6
Q

Early theories of intelligence - Cattell?

A
  • takes Galton’s view on the importance of ‘senses’ for intelligence
  • measured simple mental processes
  • published a provisional list of 10 mental tests designed to measure individual differences
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7
Q

The fall of Cattell’s mental tests?

A
  • Wissler compared Cattell’s mental test scores in UG’s with their grades
  • found no correlation between any of Cattell’s mental tests and college grades
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8
Q

Early theories of intelligence - Binet?

A
  • asked to design an intelligence test for children by the French government
  • created the Binet-Simon scale = 30 short everyday-related tasks
  • it used children’s age as an independent criterion of intellectual competence
  • e.g. if a child passes the 7 year old test but fails the 8 year old test they are given a ‘mental age’ of 7
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9
Q

Early theories of intelligence - Stern?

A
  • examined the ratio between a Childs mental age and physical age
  • IQ score = (mental age ÷physical age) x 100
  • however mental age is hard to assess after 16 and IQ scores are only meaningful relative to people of the same age
  • so researchers devised a new measure called deviation IQ = obtained by dividing a persons test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100
  • ratio IQ = for children, deviation IQ = used for adults
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10
Q

Stanford-Binet test?

A
  • Terman produced a Stanford revision of the Binet-Simon scale
  • it still remains one of the Stanford tests of intelligence
  • added 40 new items and far more children are tested in each age group
  • however certain answers are open to interpretation
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11
Q

Yerkes?

A
  • designed a new IQ test for use by US army
  • questions were timed and MC
  • the army tests transformed public opinion to mental tests
  • tests were used everywhere and a huge sample was tested
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12
Q

What are the benefits of using an intelligence test?

A
  • easy to do
  • not time consuming
  • can test large samples
  • standardised
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