Block 1 - Lecture 1 - Intro to developmental and social psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is communication (adaptionist view)?

A
  • the relation between a signal and it’s response
  • a signal = an act/structure which has evolved to alter the behaviour of another organism
  • a response = an act/ structure which has evolved to be affected by the signal
  • has an adaptive benefit
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2
Q

what is communication (informational view)?

A
  • biological signals carry ‘information’ about the world
  • information is a ‘reduction in uncertainty’
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3
Q

What are the different types of communication?

A
  1. vocal
  2. gestural
  3. facial
  4. bodily
  5. olfactory
  6. visual
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4
Q

What is language?

A
  • a sophisticated symbol-based communication system governed by hierarchical and syntactic rules
  • is an open and generative communication system as new signals can be generated to create new meanings etc.
  • linguistic signals are referential and can convey specific meanings
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5
Q

What are the 5 universal features of language?

A
  1. syntax
  2. semantics
  3. phonology
  4. pragmatics
  5. morphology
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6
Q

What is syntax?

A

rules and principals that govern the structure of a language e.g. grammar

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7
Q

What is semantics?

A

the meaning of linguistic units like words, signs and gestures, the relationship between a symbol and what it represents

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8
Q

What is phonology?

A
  • the organisation of speech sounds
  • phonemes = the smallest units of sound that are recognisable as speech
  • phonemes are meaningless sounds that combine to form meaningful units (morphemes)
  • languages have different no. of phonemes most between 12-85
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9
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

how context contributes to meaning

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10
Q

What is morphology?

A
  • structure of words and the rules of how they are formed
  • morphemes = the smallest meaningful units of language
  • simple words will contain 1 morpheme e.g. cat
  • complex words will have multiple morphemes e.g. played
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11
Q

Language across modalities?

A
  • language = modality-independent
  • can consist of speech, sign language and written language
  • sign language = the same linguistic features as spoken languages, develops at the same pace in childhood
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