Lecture 2 - nutrigenomics Flashcards
What makes up nutrigenomics?
- ) nutritional genetics
- ) nutritional epigenetics
- ) nutritional transcriptomics
What is nutritional genetics?
describes how the response to nutrients in the diet is influenced by individual genetic differences.
What is nutritional epigenetics?
Describes nutrient induced changes in DNA methylation, histone post translational modifications and other chromatin alterations.
What is nutritional transcriptomics?
Describes the eggects of nutrients on gene expression
What are the basic tenets of nutrigenomics?
- ) Improper diets are risk factors for disease
- ) Dietary chemicals alter gene expression and or change genome structure
- ) The degree to which diet influences the balance between helathy and disease states depends on individual genetic makeup
- ) Some diet regulated genes are likely to play a role in the onset, incidence, progression and or severity of chrornic diseases.
What do nutrients regulate?
- ) activity of transcription factors
2. ) the secretion of hormones that in turn interfere with a transcription factor
glucose increases the …… of glucokinase
transcription
Fe increases the …… for the synthesis of ferritin
translation
vitamin K increases ……. carboxylation of glutamic acid residues for the synthesis of prothrombin
post translational
What is HAPMAP
haplotype map - describes the common patterns of human sequence variation.
It is a resource to find genes affecting health, disease and responses to drugs and nutrients.
How many SNPs does the human genome contain?
10 million
What is a haplotype?
During meiosis DNA strands break at hot spots where long stretches of DNA are unbroken from generation to generation. These are haplotypes and they contain SNPs that trravel together. Identifying one SNP allows you to predict others.
How many SNPs does an average haplotype have?
30-40 and spans 20 kb.
